Yr 9 T2 Science assesment

Question 1

What are the three states of matter?

Answer 1

Solid, liquid, gas.

Question 2

What is the difference between physical and chemical properties?

Answer 2

Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance. Chemical properties describe how a substance reacts with others.

Question 3

What is a physical change? Give an example.

Answer 3

A change in appearance without changing the substance (e.g., melting ice).

Question 4

What is a chemical change?

Answer 4

A change where a new substance is formed (e.g., burning wood).

Question 5

What is density? How is it calculated?

Answer 5

Density is mass divided by volume.

Question 6

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Answer 6

A mixture is made up of different substances, while a compound is made of substances chemically bonded.

Question 7

What is an element? Give an example.

Answer 7

An element is a pure substance made of one kind of atom (e.g., oxygen).

Question 8

What are the main types of bonding?

Answer 8

Ionic bond, covalent bond, metallic bond.

Question 9

What is the difference between conductors and insulators?

Answer 9

Conductors let electricity flow. Insulators do not.

Question 10

What are metals used for? Give examples.

Answer 10

Metals are used for conducting heat and electricity (e.g., copper, iron).

Question 11

What are polymers?

Answer 11

Polymers are long chains of molecules (e.g., plastic).

Question 12

What is the difference between a pure substance and a mixture?

Answer 12

A pure substance is made of one kind of material, while a mixture has multiple substances mixed together.

Question 13

What affects how well something dissolves in another substance?

Answer 13

Temperature, pressure, and the type of substance.

Question 14

What is the periodic table?

Answer 14

It’s a chart that organizes elements by their atomic number.

Question 15

What are acids and bases?

Answer 15

Acids have a sour taste and pH < 7. Bases are slippery and have a pH > 7.

Question 16

What does the nervous system do?

Answer 16

It sends signals to control the body.

Question 17

What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 17

The central nervous system is the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is all other nerves.

Question 18

What is a neuron?

Answer 18

A neuron is a cell that sends electrical signals.

Question 19

What parts make up a neuron?

Answer 19

A neuron has a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Question 20

What do neurotransmitters do?

Answer 20

They help transmit signals between neurons.

Question 21

What does the brain do?

Answer 21

The brain controls body functions and processes information.

Question 22

What are the three parts of the brain and what do they do?

Answer 22

Cerebrum (thoughts, actions), cerebellum (balance), brainstem (basic life functions).

Question 23

What is a reflex?

Answer 23

A quick, automatic response to something.

Question 24

What does the spinal cord do?

Answer 24

It sends signals between the brain and the rest of the body.

Question 25

What is the role of the endocrine system?

Answer 25

It uses hormones to regulate body functions.

Question 26

What do hormones do?

Answer 26

Hormones control processes like growth, metabolism, and mood.

Question 27

What is the difference between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Answer 27

The nervous system uses electrical signals, while the endocrine system uses hormones.

Question 28

What are some important glands in the endocrine system?

Answer 28

Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas.

Question 29

What are voluntary and involuntary actions?

Answer 29

Voluntary actions are controlled by the brain. Involuntary actions happen automatically.

Question 30

What is the difference between the autonomic and somatic nervous systems?

Answer 30

The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary actions.

Question 31

What is heat, and how is it transferred?

Answer 31

Heat is energy that moves from a hotter object to a cooler one. It can transfer by conduction, convection, and radiation.

Question 32

What is temperature?

Answer 32

Temperature measures how fast particles are moving in a substance.

Question 33

What are the three ways heat can transfer?

Answer 33

Conduction, convection, radiation.

Question 34

What happens to materials when they are heated?

Answer 34

Materials expand when heated.

Question 35

What is the difference between conductors and insulators in terms of heat?

Answer 35

Conductors transfer heat well. Insulators do not.

Question 36

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 36

It is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a substance.

Question 37

What is latent heat?

Answer 37

Latent heat is the heat needed to change a substance's state without changing its temperature.

Question 38

What is light?

Answer 38

Light is a form of energy that we can see.

Question 39

How does light behave when it moves through different materials?

Answer 39

Light slows down and bends when passing through denser materials.

Question 40

What is the law of reflection?

Answer 40

The angle at which light hits a surface equals the angle at which it bounces off.

Question 41

What are concave and convex lenses?

Answer 41

A concave lens makes light spread out. A convex lens makes light come together.

Question 42

What is refraction?

Answer 42

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes through different materials.

Question 43

What is sound?

Answer 43

Sound is a type of energy that travels through a medium.

Question 44

How does the frequency of a sound wave affect its pitch?

Answer 44

Higher frequency = higher pitch. Lower frequency = lower pitch.

Question 45

How does the amplitude of a sound wave affect its loudness?

Answer 45

Bigger amplitude = louder sound. Smaller amplitude = quieter sound.

Question 46

How does sound travel in different materials?

Answer 46

Sound travels faster in solids, slower in liquids, and slowest in gases.

Question 47

What is the Doppler effect?

Answer 47

The Doppler effect is the change in pitch of a sound when the source is moving towards or away from you.

Question 48

What are longitudinal and transverse waves?

Answer 48

Longitudinal waves move in the same direction as the wave. Transverse waves move perpendicular to the wave.

Question 49

How is light used in fiber optics?

Answer 49

Light is used to transmit information through thin glass or plastic fibers.

Question 50

How is sound used in medicine?

Answer 50

Ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of the inside of the body.