Zoology

Question 1

Carnivora

Answer 1

~ order
~ carnivores e.g. cats, dogs, lions
~ distinctive skull structure
~ mostly meat eaters, some herbivores

Question 2

Perissodactyla

Answer 2

~ order
~ odd-toed ungulate e.g. rhino, tapir, horse
~ herbivores w/ specialised digestion
~ hoofed mammals
~ walk on tiptoe

Question 3

Artiodactlya

Answer 3

~ order
~ eye-toed ungulate e.g. hippos, deer, antelopes, cattle
~ herbivores w/ specialised digestion
~ hoofed mammals
~ walk on tiptoe

Question 4

Monogamy

Answer 4

~ 1 male + 1 female

~ tends to occur in hunting species (male cares for offspring)

Question 5

Polygamy

Answer 5

multiple mating

Question 6

Polyandry

Answer 6

1 female + multiple males

Question 7

Polygyny

Answer 7

1 male + multiple females

Question 8

Name the 3 types of polygyny.

Answer 8

~ female defence polygyny
~ resource defence polygyny
~ scramble competition polygyny

Question 9

Polygynandrous

Answer 9

multiple males + multiple females

Question 10

Name the important influences for social systems.

Answer 10

~ diet, habitat + density
~ predation pressure
~ social foraging/hunting
~ thermoregulatory benefits
~ breeding constraints

Question 11

Name the important influences for mating systems.

Answer 11

~ gestation + lactation (length for females)

~ diet, habitat + density

Question 12

Solitary life

Answer 12

good option if territories/resources are easily defended

Question 13

Semi-solitary

Answer 13

many mammals form temporary groups under certain conditions

e.g. reproduction, protection, warmth

Question 14

Sociality

Answer 14

~ mammals live in groups al year round
~ often w/ limited cooperation
~ some social behaviours
~ individuals breed independently

Question 15

Communal breeding

Answer 15

~ stable group
~ cooperation is advantageous
~ offspring care is shared

Question 16

Cooperative breeding

Answer 16

~ non-breeders benefit from helping e.g. there is breeding constraints (food)
~ rare in mammals
~ restricted to carnivores, primates + rodents
~ reproductive suppression - only 1 female breeds

Question 17

Eusociality

Answer 17

non-breeding females are sterile
~ breeding females (queens) + worker specialisation
~ only 2 spp.
e.g. naked mole rat

Question 18

Mammals are…

Answer 18

viviparous = give birth to live young
endothermy = warm-blooded