Zoonoses Flashcards
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Diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and Humans (WHO)
zoonoses
in the late 1600s, this scientist invented the microscope, investigations of etiological agents soon followed
Leeuwenhoek
Encephalitis in dogs with rabies
Ringworm in humans and animals
Glanders and tetanus in horses and humans
Epidemic of urban plague
Conditions dating back for centuries
ringworm first described in late 1840’s when they learned that the cat was a reservoir of human Microsporum canis in 1902.
Mycotic Diseases
Tick-borne relapsing fever found to be caused by a spirochete in 1873
Bacillus anthracis first describe by Loch in 1877
By 1890, most bacterial zoonoses known to occur at that time had been described.
Bacterial Diseases
Rocky Mountain Spotted fever caused by Rickettsia rickettsii was first described in 1909
Most rickettsial agents were described by the 1930’s
Rickettsial Diseases
In 1798 Jenner reported protection from human smallpox conferred by innoculation of cowpox
By 1903, rabies was the first confirmed viral zoonoses
By the 1930’s Electron microscopy confirmed most initial reports of viral zoonoses
Viral Diseases
Most Cestodes were described by 1880, Nematodes by 1800’s and Trematodes by 1870’s and Filarial Nematodes by 1930’s.
Most zoonotic protozoa described between 1885-1915 while the plasmodia (related to malaria) of primates were described between 1930-1960.
Parasitic Diseases
single-celled parasites and their role in disease continue through to the present.
coccidia and Microsporidia and other related single-celled parasites
Any illness that results from the transmission of agents from an infected host to another susceptible host.
Communicable Disease
Any vertebrate or invertebrate that harbors an agent which can be primary, secondary or incidental in nature.
Host
A host in which an agent normally lives and multiplies and depends on for survival and transmission.
Reservoir
Entry and development of an agent in the host
Infection
A clinically apparent disease that results from infection.
Infectious Disease
this is the host that harbors the infectious agent and has either an apparent or an inapparent disease. Normally referred to as the Carrier
Infected Individual
this is a term also used to describe an infected individual
Healthy or asymptomatic
Convalescent
Transient or chronic
carrier
this is the period of time during which the infectious agent can be transmitted either directly of indirectly to a susceptible host.
Communicable period
this is the term used to describe the time period between initial contact with the infectious agent and the onset of clinical symptoms.
incubation period
this is the presence of an agent on the surface of the body or on an inanimate object such as drinking glass, bed or food.
Contamination
the first individual recognized as being infected with the disease.
Index Case
the first or primary case having the disease.
Proband or Propositus
when direct transmission takes place from the infected host to a susceptible host by direct contact or through contact with an inanimate object or a non-biological mechanical vector).
NO developmental changes or propagation of the organism occurs during the transmission
Direct Zoonoses
what type of classification is the following?
rabies, trichinosis and brucellosis
direct zoonoses
when the agent multiplies and develops (or both) in either an invertebrate host before transmission or to the vertebrate host after transmission.
Requires that a definite prepatent or incubation period take place before transmission.
metazoonoses
