Zuku Review questions Flashcards
Foal heat diarrhoea is typically associated with which one of the following:
a) haemorrhagic enteritis
b) neutropenia and fever
c) warm and humid weather
d) decreased suckling
e) alterations in diet
e) alterations in diet
* Thought to be related to foals tendency to start sampling hay, grain and practising coprophagy and associated changes to the microbial flora (this occurs in foals around 5-7 days old)
* This coincides with the mare’s first oestrus cycle after foaling
* Affected foals are active and alert, with normal appetite and vital signs. Clinical signs such as fever and lethargy, haematochezia, melena, and lab findings like neutropenia are not typically seen.
Which of the following choices correctly identifies the leucocyte in this image of a blood smear from a horse, and the most common types of diseases to which it responds?
a) basophil; allergy and parasitic infestation
b) lymphocyte; immune diseases and viral infection
c) macrophage; bacterial and viral infection
d) monocyte; viral/bacterial infection, and chronic inflammation
e) neutrophil; wound repair and bacterial infection
a) basophil; allergy and parasitic infestation
Basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils are the 3 types of granulocytic white blood cells.
Phagocytosis is not a primary role of basophils. The granules of basophils contain many mediators of inflammation and large amounts of histamine. They commonly respond to allergic conditions and parasite infestation, similar to eosinophils.
A 4 y.o. stallion presents with urine scald, faecal retention, tailhead rubbing and a right head tilt. Rectal exam reveals atonia of the anus and rectum, however no fracture is palpated.
Which one of the following tests will help provide evidence of the top differential diagnosis?
a) immunoblot against DNA fragments from P. tenuis
b) antibodies against P2-myelin protein
c) cervicothoracic spinal radiography
d) tibial muscle and nerve biopsies
e) search the pasture for yellow star thistle
B) Antibodies against P2-myelin protein
The top differential for this horse (with cauda equina signs plus nerve signs) is polyneuritis equi. Horses with this condition can have circulating antibodies against P2-myelin protein, but many false positives.
No definitive treatment and prognosis poor for functional recovery.
Other diseases to rule out in this case would be equine herpesvirus-1 and equine protozoal encephalomyelitis.
What behaviour is the mare in the image below displaying?
a) Windsucking
b) Aggression
c) Cribbing
d) Lignophagia
e) Flehmen
e) Flehmen
This is a behaviour seen in the following circumstances: normal stallion response to pheromones, normal response of all horses to new smells (even foals do it!), sign of colic, or associated with granulosa cell tumours in mares.
Many others animals also show this response e.g. cats.
What kind of organism causes equine granulocytic anaplasmosis?
a) spirochete
b) protozoa
c) chlamydia
d) ehrlichia
e) anaplasma
