十八、補虛藥 Flashcards

1
Q

既能益氣、生津,又能養血的藥物是

A

黨參

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2
Q

黨參功效

A

補脾益肺,養血生津

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3
Q

既能益氣養陰,又能補脾肺腎,固精止帶的藥物

A

山藥

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4
Q

*山藥功效

A

補脾養胃,生津益肺,補腎澀精

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5
Q

既能健脾化濕,又能消暑的藥物

A

扁豆

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6
Q

白扁豆功效

A

健脾化濕,和中消暑,解毒

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7
Q

甘草功效

A

補脾益氣,清熱解毒,祛痰止咳,緩急止痛,調和諸藥

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8
Q

黃芪適應證

A
⒈脾氣虛及中氣下陷諸證
⒉肺氣虛及表虛自汗,氣虛外感諸證
⒊氣虛浮腫,小便不利
⒋癰疽難潰或久潰不斂
間接作用:
⑴血虛及氣血兩虛所致的面色萎黃、神倦脈虛
⑵治內熱消渴
⑶氣虛血滯不行的關節痺痛,肢體麻木或半身不遂
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9
Q

白朮適應證

A

⒈脾氣虛證
⒉中焦運化失常的各種痰飲,水腫
⒊氣虛自汗
4.脾虛胎動不安

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10
Q

飴糖、蜂蜜的共同功效是

A

補中緩急、潤肺止咳

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11
Q

*鹿茸適應證

A

1、用于肾阳不足,精血亏虚的阳痿早泄,宫寒不孕,尿频不禁,头晕耳鸣,腰膝酸痛,肢冷神疲等证
2、用于肝肾不足的筋骨痿软,小儿发育不良,囟门过期不合,齿迟,行迟等
3、用于冲任虚寒,带脉不固的崩漏不止,带下过多
4、用于疮疡久溃不敛,脓出清稀,或阴疽内陷不起

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12
Q

*既能補腎陽,又能強筋骨,祛風濕的藥物

A

巴戟天、淫羊藿

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13
Q

既能溫補肝腎、益精血,又能止血的藥物

A

鹿角膠

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14
Q

既能溫腎壯陽,又能強筋骨,祛寒濕的藥物

A

仙茅

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15
Q

補骨脂功效

A

溫腎助陽(固精缩尿),暖脾止泻,纳气平喘;外用祛風消斑

  • 溫補命門,強腰膝,壯陽固精
  • 澀腸止瀉
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16
Q

*補骨脂適應證

A

1、用于肾阳不足,命门火衰之腰膝冷痛,阳痿,遗精,尿频等证
2、用于脾肾阳虚泄泻(五更泄瀉)
3、用于肾不纳气的虚喘

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17
Q

既能暖腎固精縮尿,又能溫脾止瀉攝唾的藥物

A

益智仁

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18
Q

脾寒泄瀉,腹中冷痛,口多涎唾,當首選

A

益智仁

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19
Q

既能暖腎壯陽,又能益精補髓的藥物

A

海狗腎

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20
Q

既能補腎壯陽,又能活血散結,消腫止痛的藥物

A

海馬

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21
Q

菟絲子功效

A

補益肝腎,固精縮尿,明目,止瀉,安胎;外用祛風消斑

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22
Q

既能補腎固精(陰陽並補),又能養肝明目的藥物

A

菟絲子、沙苑子

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23
Q

既能補腎助陽,又能溫脾止瀉的藥物

A

仙茅、補骨脂、益智仁、菟絲子

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24
Q

杜仲功效

A

補肝腎,強筋骨,安胎

  • 補益肝腎,強筋健骨之良藥
  • 益精血,固沖任而安胎
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25
Q

有補肝腎安胎之效的藥物

A

桑寄生、杜仲、續斷、菟絲子

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26
Q

既能溫腎陽、暖下元,又能逐寒濕、止疼痛的藥物

A

葫蘆巴

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27
Q

核桃仁功效

A

補腎益肺,納氣定喘,潤腸通便

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28
Q

既能溫腎壯陽,又能補肺平喘、止血化痰的藥物

A

冬蟲夏草

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29
Q

既能溫腎補精,又能益氣養血的藥物

A

紫河車

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30
Q

當歸適應證

A
1、用於血虛諸證
2、用於血虛或血虛而兼有瘀滯的月經不調,痛經,經閉等證
3、用於血虛,血滯或寒滯,以及跌打損傷,風濕痹阻的疼痛證
4、用於癰疽瘡癰
5、用於血虛腸燥便秘
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31
Q

既善補益精血,又擅固腎烏鬚的良藥

A

制何首烏

32
Q

既能養陰清肺,又能益胃生津的藥物

A

北沙參

33
Q

既能養陰潤肺止咳,又能清心安神的藥物

A

天冬

34
Q

麥冬功效

A

養陰生津,潤肺清心(除煩),(益胃)(潤腸通便)

35
Q

麥冬適應證

A

1、用於肺陰不足,而有燥熱的乾咳痰粘、勞嗽咳血等
2、用於胃陰虛或熱傷胃陰,口渴咽幹,大便燥結等
3、用於心陰虛及溫病熱邪擾及心營,心煩不眠,舌絳而乾等

36
Q

既能養陰潤燥,又能清火、生津的藥物

A

天冬

37
Q

石斛功效

A

滋陰清熱,益胃生津

-退虛熱+略兼養肝明目

38
Q

用於陰虛外感,養陰而不戀邪的藥物

A

玉竹

39
Q

善補肝腎、益精血、明目、止渴的藥物

A

枸杞子

40
Q

補虛藥中兼潤腸通便功效的藥物

A

麥冬、天冬、肉蓯蓉、核桃仁、當歸、生何首烏、桑椹、黑芝麻、鎖陽

41
Q

龜甲功效

A

滋陰潛陽,益腎健骨,固經止崩,養血補心

42
Q

龜甲適應證

A

1、用於陰虛內熱,陰虛陽亢及熱病陰虛風動等證
2、用於腎虛骨痿,小兒囟門不合等證
3、用治陰虛血熱,沖任不固的崩漏、月經過多等
4、用於心虛驚悸,失眠,健忘

43
Q

善滋陰潛陽,為治陰虛發熱的要藥

A

鱉甲

44
Q

補虛藥中兼可用治肺陰虛燥咳痰粘,勞嗽咯血的藥物

A

阿膠、麥冬、天冬、百合、西洋參、北沙參、南沙參、玉竹

45
Q

補氣藥兼偏益氣健脾

A

白朮、山藥、白扁豆

46
Q

補氣藥兼能養陰生津

A

人參、西洋參、山藥

47
Q

補陽藥兼能祛風濕

A

巴戟天、淫羊藿、仙茅、葫蘆巴

48
Q

補陽藥兼能強筋骨

A

鹿茸、巴戟天、仙茅、杜仲、續斷

49
Q

補陽藥兼能安胎

A

菟絲子、杜仲、續斷

50
Q

補陽藥兼能益精血

A

鹿茸、紫河車、蛤蚧

51
Q

補陽藥兼能溫腎暖脾

A

補骨脂、益智仁

52
Q

補血藥兼能補陰

A

熟地黃、白芍、阿膠

53
Q

補血藥兼能調經

A

當歸、白芍

54
Q

補陰藥兼能補心陰

A

麥冬、百合、玉竹、(生地、阿膠)

55
Q

補陰藥兼能養胃陰

A

北沙參、南沙參、麥冬、石斛、玉竹

56
Q

補陰藥兼能補肺陰

A

北沙參、南沙參、麥冬、天冬、百合(、阿膠)

57
Q

補陰藥兼能補肝陰

A

枸杞子(、制何首烏、山茱萸、熟地、白芍)

58
Q

補陰藥兼能補腎陰

A

龜甲、鱉甲、熟地、制何首烏、天冬

59
Q

補陰藥兼能補氣

A

南沙參、黃精

60
Q

補陰藥兼能補血

A

黑芝麻、龜甲(、桑椹)

61
Q

補陰藥兼能明目

A

枸杞子、女貞子、石斛

62
Q

*人參功效、適應證

A
大補元氣,補脾益肺,生津止渴,安神益智
1、用於氣虛欲脫,脈微欲絕的危重症候
2、用於肺氣虛弱得短氣喘促,懶言聲微,脈虛自汗等證
3、用於脾氣不足的倦怠乏力,食少便溏等證
4、用於熱病氣津兩傷之身熱口渴及消渴等證
5、用於氣血虧虛的心悸,失眠,健忘等證
63
Q

*具有益氣生津之功效的藥物

A

人參、西洋參、黨參、太子參、南沙參

64
Q

大棗功效

A

補中益氣,養血安神,緩和藥性

65
Q

肉蓯蓉、鎖陽共同功效

A

補腎陽,益精血,潤腸通便

66
Q

菟絲子適應證

A

1、用於腎虛腰痛,陽痿遺精,尿頻,帶下等證
2、用於肝腎不足,目失所養而致目昏目暗,視力減退之證
3、用於脾腎虛泄
4、用於肝腎不足的胎動不安

67
Q

菟絲子、沙苑子共同功效

A

補腎固精,養肝明目

68
Q

既能補腎固精縮尿,又能止瀉的藥物

A

仙茅、補骨脂、菟絲子

69
Q

續斷適應證

A

1、用於肝腎不足,腰痛腳弱,風濕痹痛,及跌打損傷,骨折,腫痛等證

2、用於肝腎虛弱,沖任失調的胎動欲墜或崩漏經多等

70
Q

*當歸功效

A

補血活血,調經止痛,潤腸通便

71
Q

阿膠適應證

A

1、用於血虛萎黃,眩暈,心悸等
2、用於多種出血證
3、用於陰虛證及燥證
X肝腎精血虧虛之腰膝酸軟無力

72
Q

北沙參、麥冬共同功效

A

養陰潤肺,益胃生津

73
Q

麥冬適應證

A

1、用於肺陰不足,而有燥熱的乾咳痰粘、勞嗽咳血等
2、用於胃陰虛或熱傷胃陰,口渴咽幹,大便燥結等
3、用於心陰虛及溫病熱邪擾及心營,心煩不眠,舌絳而乾等

74
Q

天冬功效

A

1、用於陰虛肺熱的燥咳或勞嗽咯血

2、用於腎陰不足,陰虛火旺的潮熱盜汗、遺精,內熱消渴,腸燥便秘等證

75
Q

*石斛功效

A

養陰清熱,益胃生津,滋腎陰而養肝明目強筋骨

76
Q

*枸杞子適應證

A

1、用於肝腎不足的腰酸遺精,及頭暈目眩,視力減退,內障目昏,消渴等

2、用於陰虛勞嗽

77
Q

鱉甲功效

A

滋陰潛陽(潛陽息風:陰虛風動),退熱除蒸,軟堅散結