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Question 1

Clearance test spx

Answer 1

24-hour urine

Question 2

Gold standard for measuring GFR

Answer 2

Inulin

Question 3

• A small protein produced by all nucleated cells

Answer 3

• Cystatin C

Question 4

• most widely used endogenous procedure

Answer 4

Creatinine

Question 5

COMPUTE FOR GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE
• Reported in______;

Answer 5

ml/min

Question 6

GFR

Normal is______

Males_______;
Females_______

Answer 6

120ml/min

107-139ml/min

87-107ml/min

Question 7

GFR formula

Answer 7

Urine conc x Urine vol
————-
Plasma conc.

Question 8

• Can be used to estimate kidney function for CKD staging or whether to adjust or discontinue medications based on kidney function

Answer 8

COCKCROFT-GAULT FORMULA

Question 9

COCKCROFT-GAULT FORMULA is used for

Answer 9

• Can be used to estimate kidney function for CKD staging or whether to adjust or discontinue medications based on kidney function

Question 10

• eGFR =

Answer 10

175 x serum creatinine -1154 x age -0.203 x 0.742 (if female) x 1.202 (if black)

Question 11

• As previously mentioned, the ultrafiltrate that enters the tubules has a specific gravity of______ and it is expected that the final urine is more concentrated or diluted depending on hydration

Answer 11

1.010

Question 12

evaluate the ability of renal tubular cells to selectively absorb and secrete solutes.

Answer 12

Fluid deprivation tests

Question 13

• About_____% of filtered water reabsorbed
•_______ make the largest contribution in REABSORPTION

Answer 13

99

Proximal convoluted tubule cells

Question 14

• returns of most of the filtered water and many solutes to the bloodstream

Answer 14

TUBULAR REABSORPTION

Question 15

• Needs a carrier protein to transport substance and requires energy (e.g. hydrolysis of ATP)

Answer 15

Active transport

Question 16

• Movement of a substance across a cell membrane and against an osmotic gradient (always transcellular)

Answer 16

Active transport

Question 17

• Carries glucose into the tubular cell cytoplasm

Answer 17

SGLT (sodium glucose linked transporter)

Question 18

• Helps glucose diffuse out of the cell (facilitated diffusion)

Answer 18

GLUT (glucose transporter)

Question 19

Glucose is renal threshold

Answer 19

160-180 mg/dL

Question 20

Early PCT: Reabsorbs???

Answer 20

sodium reabsorption and co-transport with glucose, amino acids, other solutes

Question 21

Late PCT: Reabsorbs???

Answer 21

sodium and chloride reabsorption

Question 22

____ is impermeable to water

Answer 22

ALoH

Question 23

As filtrate moves through the ascending limb,______ moves out making the filtrate more and more dilute

Answer 23

NaCl

Question 24

Virtually impermeable to water (requires ADH for water reabsorption) and urea

Answer 24

DCT

Question 25

DCT Virtually impermeable to water (requires______ for water reabsorption) and urea

Answer 25

ADH

Question 26

DCT is impermeable to

Answer 26

Water and Urea

Question 27

DCT Permeability to water depends on_____ (binds only to______)

Answer 27

ADH aquaporin-2

Question 28

DCT Permeability to water depends on_____ (binds only to______)

Answer 28

ADH aquaporin-2

Question 29

Normal blood pH:

Answer 29

7.4 (excess acids must be eliminated)

Question 30

• responsible for buffering capacity • Readily filtered and reabsorbed

Answer 30

Bicarbonate ions

Question 31

: secreted by renal tubular epithelial cells into the filtrate (sodium-hydrogen exchanger)

Answer 31

• Hydrogen ions

Question 32

• Hydrogen ions: secreted by RTE cells into the filtrate (sodium-hydrogen exchanger) • Prevents the filtered bicarbonate from being excreted • Excreted via:

Answer 32

• Filtered phosphate ion • Ammonia

Question 33

: secrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate

Answer 33

Alpha-intercalated cells

Question 34

: secrete bicarbonate and reabsorb hydrogen ions

Answer 34

• Beta-intercalated cells

Question 35

• Passage of substances from the blood in the peritubular capillaries into the tubules. • Elimination of waste products not filtered by the glomerulus • Regulation of acid-base balance in the body through the secretion of hydrogen

Answer 35

Tubular secretion