PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

Question 1

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF URINE
• Includes the determination of urine…

Answer 1

color, clarity, and specific
gravity

Question 2

•: not part of routine urinalysis but is a noticeable property

Answer 2

Odor

Question 3

•: not part of routine urinalysis and should not be done

Answer 3

Taste

Question 4

• Already performed by early physicians
• Provides preliminary information on disorders

Answer 4

Physical exam

Question 5

• Can be used to confirm or to explain findings in the chemical
and microscopic areas of urinalysis

Answer 5

Physical exam

Question 6

• Varies from almost colorless to black
• May be due to normal metabolic functions, physical activity,
ingestion of food or drugs, or pathologic conditions

Answer 6

URINE COLOR

Question 7

URINE COLOR
• Early physicians used a ‘______’
• Used glass flasks called ‘_____’ to
view urine samples

• Terms used before: ‘white as well
water’, ‘ruddy as pure intense gold’,
‘black as dark horn’

Answer 7

wheel of urine

matula

Question 8

NORMAL URINE COLOR
• Common descriptions:

Answer 8

pale yellow
yellow
dark yellow

Question 9

• Gives a rough estimate of urine concentration

Answer 9

Urochrome

Question 10

: pigment responsible for the yellow color of urine

• Dependent on body’s metabolic state

Answer 10

Urochrome

Question 11

Urochrome

• Product of______; produced at a constant rate

Answer 11

endogenous metabolism

Question 12

•: pink color in refrigerated specimens

Answer 12

Uroerythrin

Question 13

•: orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh

Answer 13

Urobilin

Question 14

• Dilute random specimen
• Recent fluid consumption

Answer 14

COLORLESS TO PALE YELLOW

Question 15

• Increased 24-hour volume and low SG

Answer 15

Polyuria in diabetes insipidus

Question 16

• Increased 24-hour volume, high SG, and positive glucose test result

Answer 16

Polyuria in diabetes mellitus

Question 17

• Dehydration

Answer 17

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

Question 18

• Intake of B complex vitamins

Answer 18

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

Question 19

• Concentrated specimen

Answer 19

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

Question 20

•: urinary antiseptic

• Negative bile test results and possible green fluorescence

Answer 20

Acriflavine

Question 21

• Nitrofurantoin

Answer 21

DARK YELLOW TO AMBER

Question 22

DARK YELLOW

• Yellow foam when shaken and positive chemical test for.…

Answer 22

Bilirubin

Question 23

• Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
• Phenindione

Answer 23

ORANGE YELLOW

Question 24

•
• Anticoagulant (rarely used), orange in alkaline urine, colorless in acid urine

Answer 24

Phenindione

Question 25

• Bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin

Answer 25

DARK YELLOW GREEN

Question 26

• Colored foam in acidic urine and false-negative chemical test for bilirubin

Answer 26

DARK YELLOW GREEN

Question 27

• Pseudomonas infection • Positive urine culture

Answer 27

GREEN

Question 28

: antidepressant

Answer 28

Amitriptyline BG

Question 29

• muscle relaxant

Answer 29

Methocarbamol (Robaxin): (may be green- brown)

Question 30

• Clorets • Methylene blue: used in fistulas

Answer 30

BG

Question 31

: bacterial infections, intestinal disorders • Blue diaper syndrome

Answer 31

• Phenol BG

Question 32

•: when oxidized (people exposed to benzene) • Indican

Answer 32

Phenol BG

Question 33

• Intestinal bacteria break down tryptophan resulting to increased amounts of indican

Answer 33

BLUE DIAPER SYNDROME

Question 34

• A rare, genetic metabolic disorder characterized by the incomplete intestinal breakdown of tryptophan

Answer 34

BLUE DIAPER SYNDROME

Question 35

PINK

Answer 35

• Hemoglobin • Red blood cells

Question 36

• Blood in urine from urinary tract or from menstrual contamination

Answer 36

PINK

Question 37

• Most common abnormal urine color

Answer 37

RED

Question 38

RED •_____ • Cloudy urine, positive chemical test for blood, seen under the microscope •_____ • Clear urine, positive chemical test for blood; intravascular hemolysis •_____ • Clear urine, positive chemical test for blood; muscle damage

Answer 38

Red blood cells Hemoglobin Myoglobin

Question 40

• Beets: alkaline urine of genetically susceptible persons

Answer 40

Red

Question 41

• Rifampin: TB drug

Answer 41

Red

Question 42

• Menstrual contamination

Answer 42

Red

Question 43

• Porphyrins • Negative test for blood, may require additional testing

Answer 43

PORT WINE

Question 44

• Seen in acidic urine after standing; positive chemical test for blood • Myoglobin • Rifampin

Answer 44

RED BROWN

Question 45

• RBCs oxidized to methemoglobin

Answer 45

RED BROWN

Question 46

: presence of melanin oxidized from melanogen • Urine darkens on standing and reacts with nitroprusside and ferric chloride

Answer 46

BROWN/BLACK • Malignant melanoma

Question 47

• Alkaline urine turns black after standing

Answer 47

BROWN/BLACK • Homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria)

Question 48

BROWN/BLACK Medications

Answer 48

• Phenol derivatives • Argyrol • Methyldopa or levodopa • Metronidazole (Flagyl)