- Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
-
Cotton-wool patches are caused by:
- A) Macular edema
- B) Neovascularization
- C) Retinal infarction
- D) Lipid exudates
- E) Other
A
- C) Retinal infarction
2
Q
-
The most common site of ocular metastasis is:
- A) Choroid
- B) Iris
- C) Vitreous
- D) Cornea
- E) Other
A
- A) Choroid
3
Q
-
The most common manifestation of temporal arteritis is:
- A) Embolic central retinal artery occlusion
- B) Uveitis
- C) Ischemic optic neuropathy
- D) Cranial motor nerve paralysis
A
- C) Ischemic optic neuropathy
4
Q
-
The hallmark of malignant hypertension is:
- A) Cotton-wool patches
- B) Lipid exudates
- C) Flame-shaped hemorrhages
- D) Optic disc swelling
- E) All of the above
A
- D) Optic disc swelling
5
Q
-
An autoimmune disorder affecting the acetylcholine receptors, causing a conduction defect at the neuromuscular junction is:
- A) Rheumatoid arthritis
- B) Hyperthyroidism
- C) Ankylosing Spondylitis
- D) Myasthenia Gravis
- E) Multiple Sclerosis
A
- D) Myasthenia Gravis
6
Q
-
The most common ocular manifestation in patients with connective tissue disorder is:
- A) Dry Eye Syndrome
- B) Iritis
- C) Scleritis
- D) Peripheral corneal ulceration
- E) Episcleritis
A
- A) Dry Eye Syndrome
7
Q
-
The most common ocular manifestation of intracranial hypertension is:
- A) Cotton-wool patches
- B) Systemic lupus erythematosus
- C) Papilledema
- D) Lipid exudates
- E) Vitreitis
A
- C) Papilledema
8
Q
-
Optic neuritis may be an initial manifestation of:
- A) Giant cell arteritis
- B) Systemic lupus erythematosus
- C) Multiple sclerosis
- D) Ankylosing spondylitis
- E) Graves’ disease
A
- C) Multiple sclerosis
9
Q
-
The most common severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is:
- A) Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome
- B) Scleritis
- C) Peripheral corneal ulceration
- D) Retinopathy and optic neuropathy
- E) None of the above
A
- D) Retinopathy and optic neuropathy
10
Q
-
A transient ischemic attack involving the ocular circulation is:
- A) Central retinal vein occlusion
- B) Amaurosis fugax
- C) Hypertensive retinopathy
- D) Optic neuritis
A
- B) Amaurosis fugax
11
Q
-
In the elderly, the most common source of emboli to the ophthalmic or retinal arteries is:
- A) Calcified heart valves
- B) Fibrin-platelet or cholesterol-laden carotid plaque
- C) Fibrin-platelet emboli from mitral valve prolapse
- D) Talc
A
- C) Fibrin-platelet emboli from mitral valve prolapse
12
Q
-
Central retinal vein occlusion is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
- A) Ophthalmoscopic examination revealing intraretinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots
- B) Association with open-angle glaucoma
- C) Association with neovascularization of the iris and retina
- D) Sudden painful loss of vision
A
- D) Sudden painful loss of vision
13
Q
-
Retinal vasculitis is present in all of the following EXCEPT:
- A) Thyroid ophthalmopathy
- B) Systemic lupus erythematosus
- C) HIV
- D) Periarteritis Nodosa
A
- A) Thyroid ophthalmopathy
14
Q
-
A characteristic ophthalmoscopic feature of central retinal artery occlusion is:
- A) Cotton-wool patches
- B) Pigment in the shape of a bull’s eye in the macula
- C) Flame-shaped hemorrhage in the macula
- D) A cherry-red spot at the macula
A
- D) A cherry-red spot at the macula
15
Q
-
Iritis in juvenile arthritis:
- A) Is associated with the polyarticular form of the disease
- B) Correlates well with the severity of the systemic signs
- C) Can lead to cataract formation and band keratopathy
- D) Classically occurs late in the disease and causes few complications
A
- C) Can lead to cataract formation and band keratopathy
16
Q
-
Myasthenia Gravis:
- A) May present with ptosis and diplopia, especially if variable and worsening with fatigue
- B) Is associated with thyroid ophthalmopathy
- C) Is associated with temporal arteritis
- D) Is associated with cranial nerve I palsy
A
- A) May present with ptosis and diplopia, especially if variable and worsening with fatigue
17
Q
-
Acute painful loss of vision in one or both eyes is most commonly caused by:
- A) Ischemic optic neuropathy
- B) Central retinal vein occlusion
- C) Central retinal artery occlusion
- D) Optic neuritis
A
- D) Optic neuritis
18
Q
-
Extraocular muscle enlargement secondary to lymphocytic infiltration is associated with:
- A) Myasthenia Gravis
- B) Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
- C) Rheumatoid Arthritis
- D) Ankylosing Spondylitis
A
- B) Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
19
Q
-
Cotton-wool patches are commonly seen in all of the following EXCEPT:
- A) Systemic Hypertension
- B) Diabetes Mellitus
- C) Rheumatoid Arthritis
- D) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
A
- C) Rheumatoid Arthritis
20
Q
-
A sign of chronic systemic hypertension resulting from abnormal vascular permeability is:
- A) Flame-shaped hemorrhages
- B) Silver-wiring of retinal arterioles
- C) Optic disc swelling
- D) Lipid exudates
A
- D) Lipid exudates
21
Q
-
Neoplasms arising from uveal tissue give rise to:
- A) Metastatic carcinoma
- B) Primary ocular melanoma
- C) Large cell lymphomas
- D) Rhabdomyosarcoma
A
- B) Primary ocular melanoma
22
Q
-
Neoplasms may have their initial manifestation in the vitreous cavity of elderly individuals, including:
- A) Primary ocular melanoma
- B) Retinoblastoma
- C) Large cell lymphomas
- D) Metastatic carcinoma
A
- C) Large cell lymphomas
23
Q
-
Characterized by active inflammation with redness and severe pain, and can progress to necrosis and subsequent perforation of the eyeball:
- A) Iritis
- B) Episcleritis
- C) Scleritis
- D) Retinitis
A
- C) Scleritis
24
Q
-
An 80-year-old male with complaints of persistent ptosis and diplopia in the left eye noted a few hours prior to consultation. What is your tentative diagnosis?
- A) Myasthenia Gravis
- B) Temporal Arteritis
- C) Multiple Sclerosis
- D) Periarteritis Nodosa
A
- A) Myasthenia Gravis
25
5. **A 12-year-old girl with complaints of loss of vision in the left eye. Fundoscopy shows retinal vein dilation, retinal and pre-retinal hemorrhages, and optic disc edema. What is your initial consideration?**
- A) Blood Dyscrasia
- B) Cataract
- C) Uveitis
- D) Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
- D) Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
26
6. **Sudden loss of vision may occur with:**
- A) Cataract
- B) Uveitis
- C) Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
- D) Glaucoma
- C) Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
27
7. **A 55-year-old woman presents with complaints of three episodes of transient visual loss in her eye over the past month. These episodes lasted only a few seconds or minutes and were unassociated with other symptoms. The most likely diagnosis is:**
- A) Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
- B) Amaurosis Fugax
- C) Hypertensive Retinopathy
- D) Giant Cell Arteritis
- B) Amaurosis Fugax
28
8. **The systemic disease she is most likely to have is:**
- A) Carcinoma
- B) Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
- C) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- D) Diabetes Mellitus
- B) Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
29
9. **Funduscopy of a 58-year-old female with a 10-year history of diabetes mellitus reveals flame-shaped hemorrhages, lipid exudates, and isolated microaneurysms. What is your diagnosis?**
- A) Early Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- B) Advanced Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- C) Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- D) Vitreous Hemorrhage
- A) Early Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
30
10. **What is the pathophysiology of her condition?**
- A) Retinal Vascular Leakage
- B) Macular Edema
- C) Detachment of the Macula
- D) Fibrous Proliferation
- A) Retinal Vascular Leakage
31
