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Question 1

How does Plato define Knowledge in Theatetus?

Answer 1

Knowledge is true opinion accompanied by reason. Distinguishes knowledge from mere true opinion by requiring a rational basis for the belief

Question 2

How could we define Belief?

Answer 2

A kind of mental state

Question 3

What would we consider True?

Answer 3

Something complying with criteria of logic

“Belief is the spontaneous self-maintenance of the idea before the mind” (Miller, 1937)

Question 4

Define the word True

Answer 4

Complying with criteria of logic

“Truth is understood to be a feature of statements about things” (Heidegger, 1926)

Question 5

Justified means?

Answer 5

Having sufficient reason to believe smth

Question 6

What are the two types of justification for scientific theories according to Mario Bunge?

Answer 6

Grounded: its presuppositions are valid (what the theory takes for granted is consistent with known laws)
Systematic: compatible with other theories

Question 7

What is Empirical Justification?

Answer 7

It gives a theory a set of data.

Question 8

What are epistemic attitudes?

Answer 8

Perspectives/stances toward the justification of Knowledge

Question 9

What are the three types of Epistemic attitudes?

Answer 9

Everyday life (natural attitude), Scientific attitude and the Philosophical attitude

Question 10

What are the 3 sub-components of the Natural Attitude?

(INS)

Answer 10

1) Instrumental orientation
2) Naive Realism
3) Subjectivism

Question 11

What are the 4 sub-components of the Scientific Attitude?

(DESO)

Answer 11

1)Description
2)Explanation
3)Scientific Realism
4)Objectivism

Question 12

What are the 4 sub-components of the Philosophical Attitude?

(CEMM)

Answer 12

1) Critique of worldviews
2) Epistemology
3) Methodic doubt
4) Metaphysics

Question 13

What is instrumental orientation (natural attitude)?

Answer 13

Asks the question: How can I use this?

Question 14

What is Naive Realism (natural attitude)?

Answer 14

I believe what I see

Question 15

What is Subjectivism (natural attitude)?

Answer 15

From my point of view…

Question 16

What is description (scientific attitude)?

Answer 16

What are the parts of this whole?

Question 17

What is explanation (scientific attitude)?

Answer 17

What is the reason/cause?

Question 18

What is scientific realism (scientific attitude)?

Answer 18

We need theories to understand what is happening

Question 19

What is objectivism (scientific attitude)?

Answer 19

The actual events lie beyond the appearances

Question 20

What is meant by critique of worldviews (philosophical attitude)?

Answer 20

Beyond Subjectivism and Objectivism

Question 21

What is epistemology (philosophical attitude)?

Answer 21

Study of Knowledge, what can we actually know?

Question 22

What is methodic doubt (philosophical attitude)?

Answer 22

Certainty has rational reasons

Question 23

What are metaphysics (philosophical attitude)?

Answer 23

What is being and the order of the cosmos?

Question 24

What does Galileo mean by describing the universe as written in the language of mathematics?

Answer 24

the universe operates through natural laws that can only be understood through mathematics and geometry (Galileo, 1623)

Question 25

What are three schools of thought within **Exactitude**? | (NAM)

Answer 25

Naturalism Atomism Mechanism

Question 26

What is Naturalism?

Answer 26

All phenomena belong to nature, which is a totality of events

Question 27

What is Atomism?

Answer 27

At a certain point in time, a certain piece of matter occupies a certain part of space

Question 28

What is Mechanism?

Answer 28

The relation between the parts is governed by laws of nature

Question 29

What is the condition of Exactitude?

Answer 29

Quantification

Question 30

What is the opposite of Exactitude? (Lacan)

Answer 30

**Conjecture** (ideas/explenations that are not supported by concrete evidence)