01 LEC: Erythropoiesis Flashcards by 3sha Ann

Q

Stage of normoblastic maturation present in the circulation

A

reticulocyte
erythrocyte

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Q

Give rise to each thousands of nucleated erythroid precursor cells

A

BFU-E

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Q

It takes about __ for the BFU-E to become CFU-E

A

one week

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Q

Well-differentiated erythroid progenitor cell

A

CFU-E

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Q

CFU-E can form up to __ nucleated erythroid precursor cells

A

64

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Q

Regulator of CFU-E

A

erythropoietin

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Q

Earliest morphologically recognizable erythrocyte precursor

A

pronormoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

Pyknotic cells

A

orthochromic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

10-12 micra

A

pronormoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

no hgb

A

pronormoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

start of globin & heme synthesis

A

pronormoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

N:C = 8:1

A

pronormoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

1-2 nucleoli

A

pronormoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

cytoplasm - dark blue

A

pronormoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

10-15 micra

A

basophilic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

active mitosis

A

basophilic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

0-1 nucleolus

A

basophilic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

N:C = 6:1

A

basophilic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

hgb begins to form

A

basophilic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

cytoplasm - deeper blue

A

basophilic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

10-12 micra

A

polychromatic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

no nucleolus

A

polychromatic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

N:C = 4:1

A

polychromatic normoblast

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Q

Stage of normoblast maturation:

last stage capable of mitosis

A

polychromatic normoblast

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Stage of normoblast maturation: cytoplasm - mixture of pink and blue

polychromatic normoblast

The cytoplasm of the polychromatic normoblast is term ___

murky gray blue

Stage of normoblast maturation: first stage at which pink color with stained hgb

polychromatic normoblast

Stage of normoblast maturation: seen as nucleated RBCs in PBS

orthochromic normoblast

Stage of normoblast maturation: N:C = 1:2

orthochromic normoblast

Color of cytoplasm of orthochromic normoblast

salmon pink (eosinophilic)

Stage of normoblast maturation: the penultimate stage

Reticulocyte

Stage of normoblast maturation: cytoplasmic color the same as RBC

reticulocyte

Stage of normoblast maturation: last stage to synthesize hgb

reticulocyte

Stage of normoblast maturation: last stage that the cell has mitochondria

reticulocyte

Stage of normoblast maturation: last stage of having RNA

reticulocyte

Stage of normoblast maturation: last stage of having DNA

orthochromic normoblast

Size of mature RBC

7-8 micra

Thickness of mature RBC

1.5-2.5 mm

These are important for thymine production

Vit B12, folic acid

Essential for the synthesis of hgb

Iron

Iron deficiency causes ___, ___ anemia

microcytic, hypochromic

Important in the making of DNA

Vit B12

Also called extrinsic factor of castle

Vit B12

Vit B12 deficiency causes ___ or ___ anemia when intrinsic factors go missing

Megaloblastic Pernicious

Pathway for RBC removal: 5-10%

intra

Pathway for RBC removal: fragmentation

intra

Pathway for RBC removal: 90-95%

extra

Pathway for RBC removal: macrophage-mediated

extra

Pathway for RBC removal: peripheral

intra

In extravascular hemolysis, old or damaged RBCs are phagocytized by ___ cells and digested by ___

RES lysosomes

When extravascular hemolysis happens, iron is returned by ___ to ___

transferrin bone marrow

During extravascular hemolysis, ___ is broken down into amino acids and is returned to amino acid pool

globin

During extravascular hemolysis, ___ ___ is disassembled into CO

protoporphyrin ring

In extravascular hemolysis, the ___ is converted into ___ and is carried by ___ to liver

biliverdin bilirubin albumin

During the extravascular hemolysis, bilirubin is conjugated into ___ ___ and excreted with bile into intestine

bilirubin glucuronide

In extravascular hemolysis, bilirubin glucuronide is converted by bacteria and excreted in the stool as ___

stercobilinogen

In extravascular hemolysis, a small amount of ___ is reabsorbed into the blood circulation and then excreted through kidneys in the urine

Urobilinogen

During intravascular hemolysis, RBCs break down within the ___, releasing hgb directly into bloodstream

lumen of blood vessels

During intravascular hemolysis, hgb dissociates into globin dimers and picked up by ___

haptoglobin

During intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex is too big so it would be carried to the ___

liver

During intravascular hemolysis, when haptoglobin levels decrease, the dimers are filtered by the renal tubular cells, and converted into ___

hemosiderin

The renal tubular uptake can process as much as ___ g/day of filtered hemoglobin

5

During intravascular hemolysis, if the hgb is neither bound by haptoglobin or excreted in the urine, it is oxidized to ___ and is taken up by another transport protein, ___

methemoglobin hemopexin

During intravascular hemolysis, the combined depletion of haptoglobin and hemopexin and the presence of methemalbuminemia and hemosiderinuria can be seen in cases of ___ ___ anemia

intravascular hemolytic