01. The Easy Stuff

Question 1

Applied Behavior Analysis (Definition)

Answer 1

S scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behavior.

Question 2

Contiguity

Answer 2

When 2 stimuli occur close together in time resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli (i.e. vocal praise + tangible Sr+)

Question 3

Habituation

Answer 3

When the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly, the strength of the respondent behavior diminishes.

Question 4

Phylogenic/Phylogeny

Answer 4

Behavior that is inherited genetically, (respondent behavior is due to phylogenic history)

Question 5

Elicited Behaviors

Answer 5

Brought out by stimuli that immediately precede them.

Question 6

Involuntary Behaviors

Answer 6

Behaviors someone does not have to learn

Question 7

Reflex Behaviors

Answer 7

The eliciting stimulus and the behavior it produced that is part of the organism’s genetic make-up. (Rarely changes

Question 8

Operant Contingency Example

Answer 8

Tell child they can stay up late IF they finish their chores. Staying u late is contingent upon chore completion.

Question 9

Ontogenic/Ontogeny

Answer 9

Learning that results from an organism’s interaction with his environment (Operant Behavior)

Question 10

Operant Contingency

Answer 10

The dependency of a consequence on the occurrence of the behavior

Question 11

Respondent Conditioning (Classical Conditioning)

Answer 11

When new stimuli acquire the ability to elicit respondents

Question 12

Components to Respondent Conditioning

Answer 12

US: Unconditioned Stimulus, UR: Unconditioned Response, CR: Conditioned Response, CS: Conditioned Stimulus, NS: Neutral Stimulus

Question 13

Operant Behavior

Answer 13

Any behavior whose probability of outcome is determined by its history of consequences (defined bby function, not topography)

Question 14

Dead Man Test

Answer 14

If a dead man can do it, it’s not behavior. And if a dead man can do it, it is behavior.

Question 15

3 Principles of Behavior (PER)

Answer 15

Punishment, Extinction, Reinforcement

Question 16

Mentalism

Answer 16

An approach to explaining behavior that assumed an inner dimension exists and cause behavior.

Question 17

Mentalism Examples

Answer 17

Spiritualism, psychics, feelings, attitudes, etc.

Question 18

Hypothetical Constructs

Answer 18

Presumed unobserved entities (free-will, readiness)

Question 19

Circular Reasoning

Answer 19

The cause and effect are both inferred from the same information (He cried because he felt sad.)

Question 20

Purpose of Science

Answer 20

To achieve a thorough understanding o the phenomena under study (socially significant behaviors)

Question 21

Science

Answer 21

A systematic approach to seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world

Question 22

Adaption

Answer 22

Reductions in the responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or prolonged presentations (laughing repeatedly at the same joke)

Question 23

7 Dimensions of ABA (BATCAGE)

Answer 23

Behavioral, Applied, Technological, Conceptually Systemic, Analytical, Generalization, Effective

Question 24

7 Dimensions of ABA (Effective)

Answer 24

Improves behavior in a practical manner, not simply making a change that is statistically significant

Question 25

7 Dimensions of ABA (Generalization)

Answer 25

Extends behavior change across time, settings, or other behaviors

Question 26

7 Dimensions of ABA (Technological)

Answer 26

Defines procedures clearly and in detail so they are replicable (LIKE A RECIPE)

Question 27

7 Dimension of ABA (Applied)

Answer 27

ABA improves everyday life of clients, socially significant behaviors, and significant others.

Question 28

7 Dimensions of ABA (Conceptually Systematic)

Answer 28

All procedures used should be tied to the basic principles of behavior analysis from which they were derived.

Question 29

7 Dimensions of ABA (Analytical)

Answer 29

A functional relation is demonstrated

Question 30

Radical Behaviorism

Answer 30

A study of behavior that included private events into an understanding of behavior and was considered radical at the time of introduction

Question 31

3 Level of Scientific Understanding (DPC)

Answer 31

Description Prediction Control

Question 32

Level of Scientific Understanding (Description)

Answer 32

Systematic observations that can be quantified and classified

Question 33

Level of Scientific Understanding (Prediction)

Answer 33

Two events may regularly occur at the same time (not necessarily causal)

Question 34

Level of Scientific Understanding (Control)

Answer 34

Experimental demonstration that states that manipulating one event (independent variable) results in another event (dependent variable)

Question 35

6 Attitudes of Assumptions of Bx (DEER PP)

Answer 35

``` Determinism Empiricism Experimentation Replication Parsimony Philosophical Doubt ```

Question 36

Attitude of Assumption of Bx (Determinism)

Answer 36

Cause and effect, if/then statements, the world is orderly and predictable

Question 37

Attitude of Assumption of Bx (Philosophical Doubt)

Answer 37

Having a healthy skepticism and a critical eye about the results of studies and our work with clients

Question 38

Attitude of Assumption of Bx (Parsimony)

Answer 38

The simplest, most logical explanations must be ruled out before considering more complex explanations

Question 39

Attitude of Assumption of Bx (Replication)

Answer 39

The method that scientists use to determine reliability and usefulness of their findings (also find mistakes)

Question 40

Attitude of Assumption of Bx (Experimentation)

Answer 40

Requires manipulating variables to see the effects on the dependent variable (see if one event caused another event)

Question 41

Attitude of Assumption of Bx (Empiricism)

Answer 41

Experimental, data-based, scientific approach drawing upon observation and experience

Question 42

4 Branches of Behavior Analysis (CASE)

Answer 42

Conceptual Analysis of Behavior ABA Behavior SERVICE Delivery Experimental Analysis of Behavior

Question 43

Branch of Behavior Analysis (Conceptual Analysis of Behavior)

Answer 43

Examined philosophical, theoretical, historical, and methodological issues.

Question 44

Branch of Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Answer 44

Technology for improving behavior

Question 45

Branch of Behavior Analysis (Behavior SERVICE Delivery)

Answer 45

Professional practice, consultation

Question 46

Branch of Behavior Analysis (Experimental Analysis of Behavior)

Answer 46

Research on basic processes and principles (laboratories)

Question 47

7 Dimensions of ABA (Behavioral)

Answer 47

Observable events, the behaviors one chooses must be the behavior in need of improvement (increase or decrease)

Question 48

Methodological Behaviorism

Answer 48

(Watson 1913) Only looks at publicly observable events in their analysis of behavior

Question 49

Explanatory Fictions

Answer 49

Fictitious variables that are another name for the observed behavior. (knows, wants, figures out)

Question 50

Behaviorism

Answer 50

The philosophy of the science of behavior that emerged in the early 20th century as a reaction to mentalism Focuses on the environmental explanations on behavior

Question 51

3 Principles of Behavior (Definition)

Answer 51

Scientifically derived rules of nature describe the predictable relation between a biological organism's responses and objects and events that can influence behavior

Question 52

Respondent-Operant Interactions

Answer 52

An experience can often include both respondent and operant conditions that occur together at the same time (i.e. microwave beeps --> you go get the food --> you eat the food --> you salivate)