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ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines > 02. Piston Engine: Principle of Operation > Flashcards

02. Piston Engine: Principle of Operation Flashcards

1
Q

How do piston engines produce power?
By converting ____ energy into ____ energy

A
  1. CHEMICAL
  2. MECHANICAL

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2
Q

Burning fuel with air within a cylinder release what sort of energy?

A

HEAT ENERGY

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3
Q

Gas absorbs the heat released from burning fuel with air.
What energy does this create?

A

PRESSURE ENERGY

Pg 29

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4
Q

What component converts pressure energy into mechanical energy?

A

PISTON

As mixture is ignited and heated, pressure increases forcing the piston down the cylinder.
The piston is connected to the crankshaft via connection rod which forces it to turn, converting the downwards linear motion into rotary motion.

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5
Q

What is the working fluid of an internal combustion engine?

A

AIR

Pg 30

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6
Q

Air mixed with fuel is known as what

A

MIXTURE

Pg 30

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7
Q

The gas produced from burning mixture is known as what

A

EXHAUST

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8
Q

How does mixture enter into the cylinder

A

INLET PORT

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9
Q

What is an inlet port

A

Allows mixture into cylinder

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10
Q

What is an inlet valve

A

CLOSES INLET PORT

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11
Q

What component seals an inlet port

A

INLET VALVE

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12
Q

What is THE CHARGE

A

Total mixture drawn into cylinder

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13
Q

The total mixture drawn into the cylinder is known as what

A

THE CHARGE

Pg 30

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14
Q

How is the charge ignited

A

SPARK PLUG

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15
Q
  1. What causes the pressure increase within a cylinder after combustion.
  2. What is the result
A
  1. Hot air attempts to expand within the sealed cylinder
  2. Piston forced down the cylinder

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16
Q

What does the CRANKSHAFT do in terms of converting motion

A

Converts LINEAR motion into ROTARY motion

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17
Q

What is the piston connected to

A

CRANKSHAFT

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18
Q

What is the UP/ DOWN motion of the piston known as

A

RECIPROCAL MOVEMENT

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19
Q

What is a name given to a piston engine based on the UP / DOWN movement of the piston

A

RECIPROCATING ENGINE

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20
Q

How does gas exit the cylinder

A

EXHAUST PORT

Pg 30

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21
Q

What seals the exhaust port closed

A

EXHAUST VALVE

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22
Q

The piston is connected to the crankshaft. The crankshaft is connected either directly or indirectly to what

A

PROPELLER

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23
Q

The 4 strokes of a piston engine are commonly known as what

A

4 STROKE CYCLE

Otto cycle

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24
Q

What are the 4 strokes of the 4-stroke cycle

A
  1. Induction
  2. Compression
  3. Power
  4. Exhaust

Suck, Squeeze, Band, Blow

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25
The distance the piston travels within the cylinder is referred to as what
STROKE ## Footnote Pg 34
26
What is a STROKE
DISTANCE PISTON TRAVELS IN CYLINDER ## Footnote Pg 34
27
The topmost limit the piston can travel is referred to as what
TOP DEAD CENTER (TDC) ## Footnote Pg 34
28
The bottom most limit the piston can travel is referred to as what
BOTTOM DEAD CENTER (BDC) ## Footnote Pg 34
29
Ignition occurrs between which 2 strokes of the otto cycle
COMPRESSION and POWER ## Footnote Pg 34
30
In a *_non optimised_* otto cycle, when will the INLET VALVE open and in which phase
1. PISTON TDC 2. INDUCTION ## Footnote Pg 35
31
During the induction stroke, as the piston travels down the cylinder, the pressure and temperature INCREASE or DECREASE
DECREASE ## Footnote Decrease in pressure and temperature cause the mixture to be sucked into the cylinder Pg 34
32
In a *_non optimised_* otto cycle, when will the INLET VALVE close and in which phase
1. PISTON BDC 2. INDUCTION ## Footnote Pg 35
33
An engine that draws in fuel by sucking the mixture into the cylinder is known as what
NORMALLY ASPIRATED ## Footnote Piston travels down the cylinder, temperature and pressure decreases, which causes the mixture to be sucked in Pg 35
34
During the compression stroke in a *_non optimised_* otto cycle; 1. The inlet valve is OPEN or CLOSED 2. The exhaust valve is OPEN or CLOSED
1. CLOSED 2. CLOSED ## Footnote Pg 36
35
During which stroke of a *_non optimised_* otto cycle does the spark plug ignite the mixture
COMPRESSION STROKE ## Footnote Piston is near or at TDC Pg 36
36
What position will the piston be in when combustion occurs in a *_non optimised_* otto cycle. What is there a large increase in as combustion occurs
1. TOP DEAD CENTER (TDC) 2. PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE ## Footnote Pg 37
37
During combustion, pressure and temperature in the cylinder INCREASE or DECREASE
INCREASES ## Footnote Pg 37
38
During the combustion stage, which 2 elements increase within the cylinder
1. TEMPERATURE 2. PRESSURE ## Footnote Pg 37
39
During the power stroke, the ____ and ____ of the combusted gas INCREASE or DECREASE
1. TEMPERATURE 2. PRESSURE 3. DECREASE ## Footnote Pg 38
40
During the exhaust stroke, the ____ and ____ of the combusted gas INCREASE or DECREASE
1. TEMPERATURE 2. PRESSURE 3. INCREASE ## Footnote Pg 38
41
During a *_non optimised_* otto cycle, where is the piston as the exhaust stroke begins
BOTTOM DEAD CENTER (BDC) ## Footnote Pg 39
42
What is RPM a measure of
REVOLUTIONS PER MINUTE of CRANKSHAFT ## Footnote Pg 41
43
What force creates the inertia that makes air flow inside of a piston engine
PRESSURE CHANGES ## Footnote Changes of pressure within the cylinder as a result of the volume changing i.e. when piston is UP or DOWN, volume of cylinder is changing and subsequently, the pressure inside changes Pg 42
44
What is the term used to define the little linear movement when the piston is near or at TDC or BDC
INEFFECTIVE CRANK ANGLE ## Footnote Pg 42
45
Ineffective crank angle marks periods where there is little what
Change in cylinder VOLUME and PRESSURE ## Footnote Pg 42
46
What is the name given to optimize when the inlet and exhaust valves open and close
VALVE TIMING ## Footnote Pg 42
47
What is the name given to optimize the point when ignition occurs
IGNITION TIMING ## Footnote Pg 42
48
What is the name given to the process of opening the inlet valve before TDC
INLET VALVE LEAD ## Footnote Pg 44
49
During which stroke does inlet valve lead occur
As EXHAUST stroke comes to an end ## Footnote Pg 44
50
What is the definition of INLET VALVE LAG
INLET VALVE remains open slightly after BDC ## Footnote Inlet valve remains open slightly after piston reaches BDC and starts to travel up the cylinder again during the compression stroke Pg 44
51
How is valve lead and valve lag measured
DEGREES | Degrees of crankshaft rotation ## Footnote Pg 45
52
When does the exhaust valve open during an optimized otto cycle
JUST BEFORE POWER STROKE ENDS ## Footnote AKA exhaust valve lead Pg 46
53
During an optimized otto cycle, what position is the piston in when exhaust lag is experienced
SLIGHTLY AFTER TDC ## Footnote Piston is once again in the induction stroke, cycle has started over again Pg 46
54
What is VALVE OVERLAP
The term used to explain when the inlet and exhaust valves are both open at the same time ## Footnote Pg 47
55
What is SCAVENGING
During valve overlap period, exhaust gases flowing out of the cylinder helps draw mixture in through the inlet valve ## Footnote Pg 47
56
During valve overlap, when exhaust gases leave the cylinder, this helps draw mixture in. This is known as what
SCAVENGING ## Footnote Pg 47
57
The opening and closing of the valves in the cylinder is dictated by what
CAMS on the CAMSHAFT ## Footnote Pg 47
58
What is the purpose of the CAMSHAFT
DETERMINES VALVE OPENING and CLOSING ## Footnote CAMS connected to CAMSHAFT. As CAMSHAFT turns, this determines when the valves open and close Pg 47
59
During an optimzed otto cycle, what position will the piston be, and during which stroke, when ignition timing occurs
1. Slightly BEFORE TDC 2. COMPRESSION stroke ## Footnote Pg 48
60
What is the benefit/purpose of ignition timing being optimized
MAXIMISE PRESSURE PRODUCED ## Footnote Pg 48
61
A spark timed to occur just before the piston is at TDC is known as what
ADVANCED IGNITION ## Footnote Pg 48
62
Ignition timing must be ADVANCED or RETARDED as RPM increases
ADVANCED ## Footnote Pg 49
63
Ignition timing must be ADVANCED or RETARDED as RPM decreases
RETARDED ## Footnote Pg 49
64
During engine start, ignition timing is ADVANCED or RETARDED to when the piston is in what position
1. RETARDED 2. TDC ## Footnote Pg 49

ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines (23 decks)

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