Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines > 03. Piston Engine: Design and Components > Flashcards

03. Piston Engine: Design and Components Flashcards

1
Q

What is the significance of a cylinder that has more mass

A

More mass = MORE POWER

Pg 54

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In a 4-stroke engine, what % of the time is power being produced

A

25%

Pg 54

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a benefit of multiple cylinder designed engine

A

SMOOTHER POWER DELIVERY

Timed so that a cylinder is always providing power at each phase of the 4 stroke cycle i.e. when there are 4 pistons.

Pg 54

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the significance of having 4 cylinders on a 4 stroke engine

A

POWER

Power is being delivered by at least 1 cylinder in every stroke

Pg 54

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 main sorts of piston engines

A
  1. Radial
  2. In-Line
  3. “V”
  4. Horizontally Opposed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radial Engine

What are 2 benefits in terms of weight and surface area

A
  1. LIGHT
  2. LARGE SURFACE AREA

Large surface area aids cooling

Pg 56

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Radial Engine

What is a disadvantage in relation to the size

A

DRAG

Large frontal area increases drag

Pg 56

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Radial Engine

What is a disadvantage in terms of oil

A

OIL POOLING

oil can pool in the bottom of the inverted cylinders

Pg 57

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Radial Engine

How many cylinders does a typical radial engine have
How can this be increased

A
  1. 9
  2. Additioanl Bank

Add a bank of cylinders behind the other to double cyliner capacity

Pg 56/57

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Radial Engine

  1. Oil pooling on startup can cause excessive ____ in the cylinder.
  2. This is known as what
A
  1. PRESSURE
  2. HYDRAULICING

Pg 57

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Inline Engine

What are 2 common problems with Inline engine in regards regarding temperature and oil

A
  1. Cooling
  2. Oil Pooling

Cooling is problematic as cylinders in a line rather than all being exposed to airstream like a radial engine
Commonly inverted cylinders, so suffer risk of oil pooling

Pg 58

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

V Engine

What is a benefit of the V engine specifically over the in-line engine in terms of size, power and how its achieved

A

INCREASED CYLINDERS, REDUCED LENGTH

V engine is effectively 2 in-line engines connected to 1x shared crankshaft
Since the pistons are offset in a V shape, additional piston rods can be connected side by side, with the piston heads being offset from each other
This allows pistons to be connected in-line in a reduced amount of space than a standard inline engine

Pg 59

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Horizontal Engine

How are cylinders and pistons arranged and what is significant about the crankshaft

A
  1. Arranged equally, either side of the crankshaft
  2. Share a common crankshaft

Pg 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 core component parts of a cylinder

A
  1. Barrel
  2. Head

Pg 63

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the purpose of a GASKET

A

Ensures a GAS-TIGHT SEAL

Pg 63

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In a liquid cooled engine, what is a GALLERY

A

Incorporated into the casting of the engine
Allows flow of cooling liquid

Pg 63

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In an Aero-Engine, how many spark plugs are there typically per cylinder

A

2

Pg 64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are 3 benefits of having 2 spark plugs per cylinder

A
  1. Redundancy
  2. Even ignition
  3. Faster, even burn

Pg 64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are HIGH TENSION (HT) leads used for?

A

Connect spark plugs to MAGNETO

Pg 65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the top of the piston head called

A

CROWN

Pg 66

21
Q

What is a COMPRESSION RING

A

FITTED AROUND TOP OF PISTON

Prevents gas escaping around the skirt

Pg 67

22
Q

What is the purpose of an OIL CONTROL RING

A

Ensures OIL SPREAD EVENLY

Ensures that the oil is spread evenly around the inner surface of the cylinder

Pg 67

23
Q
  1. What is the purpose of an OIL SCRAPER RING
  2. Where is it fitted
A
  1. Draws excess oil back into the crankcase
  2. Fitted to piston skirt

Pg 67

24
Q

What is the name of the component that connects the piston to the crankshaft

A

CONNECTING ROD

Pg 67

25
What is a GUDGEON PIN
Connects ROD to the PISTON ## Footnote Pg 67
26
What is a BEARING JOURNAL
Supports crankshaft in a horizontally opposed engine ## Footnote Pg 68
27
The CRANK THROW is the distance between what and what
Center of *crankshaft journal* < > Center of *crank pin* ## Footnote Pg 68
28
What does the crank throw determine
Distance piston moves up and down the cylinder ## Footnote Pg 68
29
____ are used to counteract ____ of the piston and connecting rod
1. Counterweights 2. Unbalancing effect ## Footnote Pg 69
30
What is the typical firing order of a four-cylinder engine
1, 3, 4, 2 ## Footnote Pg 69
31
What is the purpose of alternating the cylinder firing order
REDUCE STRESS on CRANKSHAFT ## Footnote Pg 69
32
What 3 items collectively made up form the crank assembly
1. Crankshaft 2. Connecting Rods 3. Pistons ## Footnote Pg 69
33
How is the camshaft driven
CAMSHAFT GEAR | Camshaft gear driven by crankshaft ## Footnote Pg 70
34
How fast does the camshaft rotate compared to the crankshaft
ALWAYS HALF THE SPEED ## Footnote Pg 70
35
The main structural element of an engine is known as the what
CRANKCASE ## Footnote Pg 71
36
What 5 systems are driven by the accessory gearbox ## FOOTNOTE **REMEMBER** Gears make a Flipping HIPO’s
1. Fuel 2. Hydraulic 3. Ignition 4. Pneumatic 5. Oil ## Footnote Pg 72
37
Fuel, oil, ignition, hydraulic and pneumatic systems are all driven by what
ACCESSORY GEARBOX ## Footnote Pg 72
38
Under what method do valves close I.e. what component and force
SPRING PRESSURE ## Footnote Pg 73
39
The INLET or EXHAUST valve is larger than the INLET or EXHAUST valve
1. INLET 2. EXHAUST | INLET VALVE > exhaust valve ## Footnote Pg 73
40
What is the purpose of a POPPET VALVE
Ensure a GAS-TIGHT SEAL at the port ## Footnote [LINK HERE](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Pooran-Dhakar/publication/336196843/figure/fig1/AS:809264394272769@1569955075900/Nomenclature-of-Poppet-valve_Q320.jpg) Pg 73
41
How are exhaust valves cooled
HOLLOW filled with SODIUM ## Footnote Sodium melts in the heat, moving up and down inside of the valve, transferring heat to the stem Pg 73
42
What is the name of the hinged lever that applies pressure to the spring holding the valves closed in order to open them
ROCKER ARM ## Footnote Pg 74
43
How are the rocker arms operated
PUSH ROD ## Footnote Pg 74
44
What is the purpose of a tappet
ALLOWS FOR THERMAL EXPANSION ## Footnote Connected between rocker arm and push rod Tappet allows for termal expansion Pg 75
45
1. A large tappet clearance will prevent a valve from ____ 2. A small tappet clearance will prevent a vale from ____
1. Opening Fully 2. Closing Properlly ## Footnote **REMEMBER** when a door is *open* there is a *large* hole/gap When the door is *closed* there is no hole/gap Pg 76
46
What is a benefit of an *overhead cam* design
Elimate the need for push rods ## Footnote Pg 77
47
The most common design for modern engines it what sort of layout
HORIZONTALLY OPPOSED ## Footnote Summary
48
Aero engines are commonly AIR or WATER cooled. This saves on ____
1. AIR 2. WEIGHT ## Footnote Summary
49
What is the signfiicance of a hydraulic tappet
AUTOMATICALLY adjusts the tappet clearance ## Footnote Summary

ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions