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ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines > 05. Piston Engine: Starting and Ignition > Flashcards

05. Piston Engine: Starting and Ignition Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Thinking of petrol and diesel engines, what are the 2 methods of igniting mixture

A
  1. Spark plugs
  2. Spontaneous combustion

Spark plugs create a spark to ignite the mixture
Spontaneous combustion is caused by compressing the mixture to increase the temperature

Pg 125

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2
Q

What is an electric starter motor powered by during a start sequence

A

BATTERY

Pg 126

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3
Q

Once an engine is started, what is the name of the component that disengages the drive from the motor

A

OVERRUN CLUCTH

Pg 126

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4
Q

What is the purpose of an overrun clutch

A

DISENGAGE DRIVE from MOTOR

As soon as the engine starts during a start sequence, the ovverun clutch disengages the drive from the motor

Pg 126

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5
Q

What must a pilot do if the starter-warning light remains illuminated 30 seconds after start

A

SHUTDOWN ENGINE

Pg 126

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6
Q

What does an illuminated starter warning light mean

A

DRIVE GEAR ENGAGED

Pg 126

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7
Q

What is the job of an alternator belt

A

SUPPLY POWER

To aircraft electrical system

Pg 127

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a magneto

A

POWER SPARK PLUGS

Generate high tension electricity

Pg 127

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9
Q

Critical components of an ignition system are ____
This ensures a single point of failure does not result in total loss of ____

A
  1. DUPLICATED
  2. ENGINE POWER

Pg 127

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10
Q

How many magnetos does a normal aero engine have

A

2

Pg 127

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11
Q
  1. The right magneto supplies power to which banks of sparkplugs
  2. The left magento suppliers power to which banks of sparkplugs
A
  1. RIGHT = UPPER RIGHT, lower left
  2. LEFT = UPPER LEFT, lower right

Pg 127

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12
Q

A magneto provides HIGH or LOW voltage to spark plugs

A

HIGH

Pg 129

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13
Q

A magneto is what type of generator

A

AC GENERATOR

Pg 129

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14
Q

The secondary winding of many turns of wire around a primary winding in a magneto allows a high voltage to be induced in the secondary winding. This effectively makes a magneto a what

A

TRANSFORMER

Multiplying the number of wire turns in the secondary winding steps up the power voltage being produced, thus transforming the output to a higher voltage

Pg 129

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15
Q

A magneto has MORE or LESS turns of wire in the primary winding than the secondary winding

A

LESS

primary (less) < SECONDARY (MORE)

Primary coil has less turns than secondary coil.
The primary coil induces a higher voltage in the secondary coil
This effectively makes the magneto a transformer

Pg 129

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16
Q

Magneto

The generator section comprises of how many poles

A

4

4-pole rotating permanent magnet

Pg 129

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17
Q

Magneto

The stator is made up of which material

A

SOFT IRON

Pg 129

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18
Q

Magneto

The permanent magnets are driven by what

A

ENGINE

Pg 129

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19
Q

Magneto

How is the circuit in the primary winding continuously broken and remade

A

CONTACT BREAKER

Pg 130

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20
Q

Magneto

What is the purpose of a contact breaker when used in the primary winding

A

CONTINUOUSLY BREAK and REMAKE CIRCUIT

Pg 130

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21
Q

Magneto

What are the 2 effects of breaking and remaking the circuit in the primary winding through the use of a contact breaker

A
  1. PULSES - Converts continuous flow of AC
  2. COLLAPSE MAGNETIC FIELD

Collapsing the magnetic field around the primary winding produces a surge of energy in the secondary winding

Pg 130

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22
Q

Magneto

What is the result of the contact breaker opening and collapsing the magnetic field in the primary winding with regards to the spark plugs

A

VERY HIGH VOLTAGE
low current pulses

Collapsing of the magnetic field produces a surge of energy in the secondary winding
Overall result is a very high voltage, low current pulse provided to the spark plugs

Pg 130

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23
Q

Magneto

What is a risk to the contact breaker when then magent field is collapsed in the primary winding

A

ARCHING

Pg 131

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24
Q

Magneto

What is fitted in parallel to the contact breaker to prevent arching

A

CAPACITOR
(or condeser)

Pg 131

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25
# Magneto What is the purpose of a *capacitor* being fitted in parallel to the *contact breaker*
PREVENT ARCHING | Also helps ensure highest possible voltage induced in secondary winding ## Footnote Pg 131
26
# Magneto What component delivers electrical pulses to each *spark plug* in sequence
DISTRIBUTOR ## Footnote Pg 131
27
# Magneto What is the function of a *distributor*
DELIVER ELECTRICAL PULSES to SPARK PLUGS | Ensures the pulses are delivered in the correct sequence ## Footnote Pg 131
28
# Magneto What is the function of the *rotor*
PASS CURRENT to each SPARK PLUG | Rotor comes into contact with electrode associated to each spark plug ## Footnote As the rotor turns wthin the distributor, it touches an electrode. Each electrode is married up to each spark plug. As the roto touches each electrode, the current passes to each spark plug Pg 131
29
# Magneto When does the spark occur in a *spark plug*
WHEN CONTACT BREAKER IS OPEN ## Footnote Pg 132
30
# Magneto The *contact breaker* and *distributor rotor* are driven by what
ENGINE via a SPINDLE ## Footnote Pg 132
31
# Magneto The *engine* drives a *spindle* which drives which 2 components
1. CONTACT BREAKER 2. DISTRIBUTOR ROTOR ## Footnote Pg 132
32
# Magneto The speed of the *rotor* and the *contact breaker* vary directly with what
ENGINE RPM ## Footnote Pg 132
33
# Magneto Each *magneto* is controlled by its own what
IGNITION SWITCH ## Footnote Pg 132
34
# Magneto How does the *ignition switch* work with regards to each *magneto*
ISOLATES IGNITION CIRCUIT | Each magnetos primary circuit is connected to earth ## Footnote Pg 132
35
# Magneto What is the name given to the *ignition switch lead*
"P" LEAD ## Footnote Pg 132
36
# Magneto If the *ignition switch* is *closed*, the circuit is LIVE or EARTHED
EARTHED ## Footnote Pg 132
37
# Magneto If the *ignition switch* is *open*, the circuit is LIVE or EARTHED
LIVE ## Footnote Pg 132
38
# Magneto What is the purpose of the *ignition switch* working in reverse to the normal standard of a switch i.e. open is live, closed is earthed
PROVIDE FAIL-SAFE PROTECTION ## Footnote A break in the switches wiring would not cause the ignition system to fail. This would be important when in the air Pg 132
39
# Magneto Besides from providing a fail-safe element, what is an advantage of having 2 *spark plugs* per cylinder in terms of efficiency
ACCELERATOR COMBUSTION | Even burng spreads from both spark plugs simultaneously ## Footnote Pg 132
40
# Magneto What are the 2 elements of a pre-flight *magneto check*
1. MAG DROP CHECK 2. DEAD CUT CHECK ## Footnote Pg 133
41
# Magneto A *mag drop check* is conducted twice. The 1st test is conducted at around ____ RPM. RPM should DROP or INCREASE and the engine should run SMOOTHLY or ROUGHLY
1. 1200 RPM 2. DROP 3. SMOOTHLY ## Footnote Pg 133
42
# Magneto A *mag drop check* is conducted twice. The 2nd test is conducted at around ____ RPM. RPM should DROP or INCREASE within specific limits and the engine should run SMOOTHLY or ROUGHLY
1. 2000 RPM 2. DROP 3. SMOOTHLY ## Footnote Pg 133
43
# Magneto A successful check of the 1st *mag drop check* at 1200 RPM would prove what
ENGINE RUNNING on ONE MAGNETO | At a low RPM ## Footnote At a low RPM, one magneto will still successfully be able to run the engine Pg 133
44
# Magneto A successful check of the 2nd *mag drop check* at 2000 RPM would prove what
ENGINE POWER not SIGNIFICANTLY EFFECTED ## Footnote If one magneto were to fail, engine power would not be significantly effected Pg 133
45
# Magneto During the 2nd *mag drop check* at 2000 RPM, a complete dead cut would indicate what
IGNITION CIRCUIT FAILURE | Failure of one half of the ignition circuit ## Footnote Pg 133
46
# Magneto During the 2nd *mag drop check* at 2000 RPM, no drop in RPM would indicate what
IGNITION SYSTEM NOT EARTHED | One half of ignition system not earthed ## Footnote Pg 133
47
# Magneto During the 2nd *mag drop check* at 2000 RPM, a drop of 300-400 RPM and rough running engine would indicate what
MALFUNCTIONING SPARK PLUG ## Footnote Pg 133
48
# Magneto What must be carried out by a pilot before shutting down the engine
DEAD CUT CHECK ## Footnote Pg 133
49
# Magneto What are magnetos pressurised for high altitude operation
REDUCE RISK OF INTERNAL ARCHING ## Footnote Pg 133
50
# Magneto What is done to the magnetos for high altitude operation to help reduce the risk of internal arching
PRESSURISED ## Footnote Pg 133
51
# Magneto During start up, when the engine is turning slowly, what are 3 methods of assisting the system to ensure sufficient sparks are created to fire the engine
1. Impulse Magneto 2. High Tension Booster Coil 3. Low Tension Booster Coil ## Footnote Pg 134/135
52
# Magneto How does an *impulse magneto* function | What component
SPRING LOADED CLUTCH ## Footnote Pg 134
53
# Magneto How does the *high tension booster coil* function
INDUCE LARGE CURRENT in 2nd WINDING ## Footnote Pg 135
54
# Magneto What does a *trembler interrupter* do in a *high tension booster coil* system
INTERRUPTS PRIMARY WINDING CIRCUIT ## Footnote A trembler interrupter in the coil interrupts the primary winding circuit to produce a continous stream of high voltage impulses in the secondary (HT) circuit Pg 135
55
# Magneto The component used to interrupt the primary winding circuit in a *high tension booster coil* system is known as what
TREMBLER INTERRUPTER ## Footnote Pg 135
56
# Magneto A *high tension booster coil* system is know by what other name
SHOWER OF SPARKS ## Footnote Pg 135
57
# Magneto What component is connected to the *primary winding* in a *low tension booster coil* system
BATTERY ## Footnote Pg 135
58
# Magneto What is the purpose of a second set of *contact breakers* in a *low tension booster coil* system
SUFFICIENTLY RETARDED SPARK ## Footnote Pg 135
59
# Magneto How is a *suficciently retarded spark* ensured in a *low tension booster coil* system
CONTACT BREAKERS | 2nd set of contact breakers ## Footnote Pg 135
60
How many volts are supplied to each *spark plug*
30,000 V ## Footnote Pg 136
61
What are the potential risks with a *spark plug* if the gaps between the electrodes are not correct 1. To small 2. To large
1. Weak Spark 2. No Spark ## Footnote Pg 136
62
*Spark plug fouling* can occur when which 3 deposits block the gap in electrodes
1. Oil 2. Carbon 3. Lead ## Footnote Pg 136

ATPL - [Mod 2] AGK - Engines (23 decks)

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