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ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance > 03. Circulation > Flashcards

03. Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

Circulation

Blood vessels are divided into what 4 categories

A
  1. ARTERIES
  2. ARTERIOLES
  3. CAPILLARIES
  4. VEINS

  • Arteries - main trunk
  • Arterioles - smaller branches of arteries
  • Capillaries - smallest blood vessels
  • Veins - drain deoxygenated blood

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2
Q

Circulation

The cardiocascular system compromises of 2 core elements, which are

A
  1. HEART (pump)
  2. BLOOD VESSELS (interconnected channels)

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3
Q

Circulation

  1. The blood vessels leading away from the heart are called what
  2. The blood vessels leading back to the heart are called what
A
  1. ARTERIES
  2. VEINS

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4
Q

Circulation

What is the purpose of the capillaries to be extremely thin

A

Allow oxygen and nutrients to diffuse readily into cells

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5
Q

Circulation

Arteries branch through tissues becoming smaller and smaller, permeating the body tissues and forming a link between the arterial system and the venous system. These small blood vessels are called what

A

CAPILLARIES

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6
Q

Circulation

The name given to the system or arteries

A

ARTERIAL SYSTEM

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7
Q

Circulation

The name given to the system of veins

A

VENOUS SYSTEM

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8
Q

Circulation

Arteries carry OXYGENATED or UNOXYGENATED blood TO or FROM the heart

A
  1. OXYGENATED
  2. FROM

  • Except the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein

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9
Q

Circulation

Veins carry OXYGENATED or UNOXYGENATED blood TO or FROM the heart

A
  1. UNOXYGENATED
  2. TO

  • Except the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein

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10
Q

Circulation

What is the definition of PULMONARY CIRCULATION

i.e. what is it supplying, and from what to what

A

DEDICATED CIRCUIT
DE-OXYGENATED BLOOD
RIGHT side of HEART –> LUNGS
via PULMONARY ARTERY

The pulmonary circulation is a dedicated circuit which supplies deoxygenated blood directly from the right side of the heart tot he lings via the pulmonary artery

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11
Q

Circulation

How does oxygenated blood leaving the lungs flow back to the heart

A

PULMONARY VEINS

  • REMEMBER It is the opposite way around from lungs to heart where;
  • normally veins carry unoxygenated blood to the heart and;
  • arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart

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12
Q

Circulation

How does unoxygenated blood leaving the heart flow to the lungs

A

PULMONARY ARTERY

  • REMEMBER It is the opposite way around from lungs to heart where;
  • normally veins carry unoxygenated blood to the heart and;
  • arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart

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13
Q

Circulation

  1. What is the purpose of the PULMONARY ARTERY
  2. What is the purpose of the PULMONARY VEIN
A
  1. UN-OXYGENATED BLOOD from HEART to LUNGS
  2. OXYGENATED BLOD from LUNGS to HEART

  • REMEMBER It is the opposite way around from lungs to heart where;
  • normally veins carry unoxygenated blood to the heart and;
  • arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart

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14
Q

Circulation

The main artery blood vessel running down the inside of the spine to the rest of the body is called what

A

AORTA

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15
Q

Circulation

The main blood vessel back to the heart is called what

A

VENA CAVA

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16
Q

Circulation

The blood vessels supplying the heart muscle itself with oxygen and nutrients from the aorta is known as what

A

CORONARY ARTERIES

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17
Q

Circulation

The blood vessels taking blood back to the vena cava away from the heart muscle itself is known as what

A

CORONARY VEIN

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18
Q

Circulation

The heart has how many internal chambers

A

4

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19
Q

Circulation

The large muscle surrounding the hearts 4 chambers is known as what

A

MYOCARDIUM

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20
Q

Circulation

The main and very muscular chambers of the heart are called what

A

VENTRICLES

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21
Q

Circulation

The weaker left and right chambers of the heart are called what

A

LEFT & RIGHT ATRIUM
(collectively the atria)

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22
Q

Circulation

What is the name given to the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricles during the SYSTOLE PHASE

A

STROKE VOLUME

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23
Q

Circulation

What is the stroke volume for a normal healthy male heart

A

70-75 ml

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24
Q

Circulation

What is the equation to measure cardiac output

A

HEART RATE x STROKE VOLUME

  • If the resting heart rate is 70 beats per minute, and
  • the stroke volume of the healthy heart is 75 ml, the cardiac output is;
  • 70 beats per minute x 75 ml = 5.2 litres

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25
# Circulation The rate of the ventricles and atria contract rythmically together. This is known as the what
PULSE RATE ## Footnote 3
26
# Circulation The normal pulse rate of a body at rest is approximately how much
72 BEATS PER MIN ## Footnote 3
27
# Circulation The pulse rate is controlled by what system
NERVOUS SYSTEM ## Footnote 3
28
# Circulation The pulse rate is controlled by the nervous system, which is reacting to the amount of what 4 things
1. GLUCOSE 2. EXERCISE 3. CARBON DIOXIDE 4. HORMONE ADRENALINE ## Footnote 3
29
# Circulation The name given to tissue death that occurs to parts of the heart that cause a heart attack
INFARCT ## Footnote 73
30
# Circulation What is the medical term given to a heart attack
MYOCARDIUM INFARCTION ## Footnote 73
31
# Circulation What is released into the blood stream during a heart attack and why
1. ADRENALINE 2. INCREASE HEART RATE ## Footnote 74
32
# Circulation
33
# Circulation What are 3 symptoms of a heart attack
1. PALE SKIN 2. HIGH PULSE RATE 3. SEVERE CHEST PAIN ## Footnote 74
34
# Circulation What is the name given to the progressive narrowing of the coronary arteries and veins
ANGINA ## Footnote 73
35
# Circulation The normal resting output of the heart is how many litres of blood per minute
5 LTR per MIN ## Footnote 59 3
36
# Circulation What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle
1. DIASTOLE 2. SYSTOLE ## Footnote * **REMEMBER:** * **DI**astole - **DI**lated - wide open * **S**ystole - **S**queezed - contracted 69 4
37
# Circulation The blood pressure of a healthy adult heart during the SYSTOLIC PHASE is what
120 mm Hg ## Footnote 70 4
38
# Circulation The blood pressure of a healthy adult heart during the DIASTOLIC PHASE is what
80 mm Hg ## Footnote 70 4
39
# Circulation What is *HYPERTENSION*
ABNORMALLY HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE ## Footnote 71 4
40
# Circulation What is *HYPOTENSION*
ABNORMALLY LOW BLOOD PRESSURE ## Footnote 72 4
41
# Circulation What is the typical value of blood pressure in a youn adult
120/80 ## Footnote * This is read as where the systolic phase is read as 120 mm Hg * This is read as where the diastolic phase is read as 80 mm Hg * 120/80 4
42
# Circulation The arterial blood pressure is sensed in the body by bundles of nerves in cavities called what
SINUSES ## Footnote 4
43
# Circulation The pair of sensors in the main arteries to the brain that detect arterial blood pressure are known as what
CAROTID SINUS ## Footnote 4
44
# Circulation The pair of sensors on the Aorta at the top of the heart which detects the arterial blood pressure is known as what
AORTIC ARCH PRESSORECEPTORS ## Footnote 4
45
# Circulation The *carotid sinus* and the *aortic arch pressoreceptors* which detect the arterial blood pressure are collectively known as what
ARTERIAL PRESSORECEPTORS ## Footnote 4
46
# Circulation What is responsible for initiating the various physiological changes to the arteries in response to stress or anxiety
HORMONES ## Footnote * The amount of hormones secreted controls teh narrowing of the arteries, which in turn affects the blood pressure 41 4
47
# Circulation A persons blood pressure at any time is dependant on what 4 things; 1. How hard is the main organ of the cariavascular system working 2. How easily can blood flow through the blood vessels 3. How easily can the arteries expand and contract 4. How much blood and how sticky is it
1. WORK OF THE HEART 2. PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE 3. ELASTICITY OF ARTERIAL WALLS 4. BLOOD VOLUME & VISCOSITY ## Footnote 4
48
# Circulation What is suspended in plasma and carries oxygen around the body
RED BLOOD CELLS ## Footnote 58 5
49
# Circulation What is suspended in plasma and fights infection in the body
WHITE BLOOD CELLS ## Footnote 58 5
50
# Circulation What is suspended in plasma and helps repair blood vessels after injury
PLATELETS ## Footnote 58 5
51
# Circulation What 3 things does the plasma have suspended in it
1. RED BLOOD CELLS 2. WHITE BLOOD CELLS 3. PLATELETS ## Footnote 58 5
52
# Circulation What must happen to sugars and fats first for cells to extract energy
OXIDISED ## Footnote 42 5
53
# Circulation Someone with an excessively low number of red blood cells or reduced haemoglobin levels or both suffers from what condition
ANAEMIA ## Footnote 61 5
54
# Circulation HAEMOGLOBIN is rich in what mineral
IRON ## Footnote 61 5
55
# Circulation A chronic form of anaemia is known as what
SICKLE-CELL ANAEMIA ## Footnote 61 5
56
# Circulation What re 5 typical symptoms of anaemia
1. TIREDNESS 2. WEAKNESS 3. SHORTAGE OF BREATH 4. THIRST 5. FEELING OF ABOUT TO PASS OUT ## Footnote 5

ATPL - BGS [Mod 1] Human Performance (22 decks)

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