02. Respiration

Question 1

Respiration

At 10,000 ft, what % of oxygen is available for the body

Answer 1

70%

• REMEMER Use the Magic 7 Memory Aid

3

Question 2

Respiration

At 18,000 ft, what % of oxygen is available for the body

Answer 2

50%

• REMEMER Use the Magic 7 Memory Aid

3

Question 3

Respiration

At 36,000 ft, what % of oxygen is available for the body

Answer 3

25%

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3

Question 4

Respiration

What is the equation for Boyles Laws, in which the volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure i.e. if pressure increases, volume decreases.

Answer 4

VOLUME x PRESSURE = CONSTANT
(PV = K)

• P = pressure (Pa)
• V = Volume (m^3)
• K = Constant (Joules)

4

Question 5

Respiration

What is the equation for Charles Laws, in which it is stated that the volume of gas varies directly with temperature i.e. if temperature increases, volume increases if pressure remains constant

Answer 5

VOLUME ∝ TEMPERATURE

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

• V = Volume (m^3)
• T = Temperature

4

Question 6

Respiration

What is the equation for Daltons Laws, in which it is stated that the pressure mixture of fases is the sum of the partial pressure of its constituents i.e. since 21% of the atmosphere is oxygen, 21% of atmospheric pressure is due to oxygen

Answer 6

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3

• Ptotal = Pressure total
• P1 = Pressure 1
• P2 = Pressure 2
• P3 = Pressure 3

4

Question 7

Respiration

Fick’s Law (aka gas diffusion law) states what

Answer 7

GAS WILL DIFFUSE FROM AREAS OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AREAS OF LOW CONTENTRATION

4

Question 8

Respiration

Henrys Law stats what

Answer 8

The amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the gas pressure outside of the liquid.
If the pressure of a liquid is reduced, then the amount of gas dissolved in the liquid will reduce

5

Question 9

Respiration

What is the principle organ in the respiratory system

Answer 9

LUNGS

82

Question 10

Respiration

Air entering the mouth passes through the ____ and ____ before entering the ____

Answer 10

1. Pharynx
2. Larynx
3. Trachea

82

Question 11

Respiration

The trachea branches off into what

Answer 11

BRONCHI

82

Question 12

Respiration

What happens to the air progressively as it passes through the passages and why

Answer 12

1. WARMED and MOISTENED
2. TRAPS PARTICILES

82

Question 13

Respiration

Small globular structures that exist at the end of the bronchial tubes, where the bronchi terminate, and where gas transfer takes place

Answer 13

ALVEOLI

82
7

Question 14

Respiration

What is the name of the muscle that lifts the ribs upwards and outwards to help increase the volume of the chest

Answer 14

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

87

Question 15

Respiration

What is the purpose of the intercostal muscles

Answer 15

LIFT RIBS UPWARDS and OUTWARDS

To increase space in the pleural cavity

87

Question 16

Respiration

The thorax is separated from the cavity of the abdomen by a large muscled called what

Answer 16

DIAPHRAGM

86

Question 17

Respiration

What is the name of the membrane that lines the outer surface of the lungs

Answer 17

PLEURAL MEMBRANE

86

Question 18

Respiration

What is the space between the pleural membrane and the lungs called

Answer 18

PLEURAL CAVITY

86

Question 19

Respiration

Process of taking oxygen from the air and diffusing O2 into the blood stream, whilst expelling unwanted gases aka breahting, is known as what

Answer 19

EXTERNAL RESPIRATION

85

Question 20

Respiration

The use of oxygen within each cell to create energy by oxidising fuel is known as what

Answer 20

INTERNAL RESPIRATION

85

Question 21

Respiration

The TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY is how much (in ltr or ml), and is made up of what 2 elements of lung capacity/function

Answer 21

1. 6 LTR (6000 ml)
2. VITAL CAPACITY
3. RESIDUAL VOLUME

LUNG CAPACITY

8

Question 22

Respiration

The tidal volume is approximately how much (in LTR or ml)

Answer 22

0.5 Ltr (500ml)

8

Question 23

Respiration

What effects the increase or decrease of the tidal volume

Answer 23

DEMAND FOR OXYGEN

• Demand goes up, volume increases
• Demand goes down, volume decreases

8

Question 24

Respiration

The difference between the VITAL CAPACITY at maximum exhalation, and the TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY is known as what

Answer 24

RESIDUAL VOLUME

LUNG CAPACITY

8

Question 25

# Respiration The *INSPIRATORY CAPACITY* is made up of which 2 volumes

Answer 25

1. RESTING TIDAL VOLUME 2. INSPIRATORY RESERVED VOLUME ## Footnote [LUNG CAPACITY](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vl9pN7lrGsAEXzF4TRNXcUW474Ox_Lcf/view?usp=drive_link) 8

Question 26

# Respiration 1. Difference between amount of breathed taken in and amount of air that could be taken in : ____ 2. Difference between the amount of air breathed out and amount of air that could be breathed out : ____

Answer 26

1. **INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME** Difference between amount of breath taken in and amount of air that could be taken in 2. **EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME** Difference between the amount of air breathed out and amount of air that could be breathed out ## Footnote [LUNG CAPACITY](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1v57ohqTYtYIuv58N0187RKjCZgw35Mtx/view?usp=drive_link) 8

Question 27

# Respiration The*FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY* is made up of which 2 volumes

Answer 27

1. EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME 2. RESIDUAL VOLUME ## Footnote [LUNG CAPACITY](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1qUIV7hxZrA9TaEHVmkiwrtLvb5M1wc7r/view?usp=drive_link) 8

Question 28

# Respiration Complete the following diagram [here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E-hFOkxLlxzNV1gjMzsNFXRYHKO-ja0c/view?usp=share_link) Answer options are available [here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Uw3fq9Q-4GuDCUZUcBVkVb5_2KMOsQgh/view?usp=share_link)

Answer 28

1. TLC - Total lung capacity 2. RTV - Resting tidal volume 3. IC - Inspiratory capacity 4. FRC - Functional residual capacity 5. ERV - Expiratory reserve volume 6. IRV - Inspiratory reserve volume 7. RV - Residual volume 8. VTV - Varying tidal volume 9. VC - Vital capacity ## Footnote * Completed [Here](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bnLjupKvTfIaRTiKULESUp8QRA3vzQme/view?usp=share_link) 88 8

Question 29

# Respiration The metabolism of oxygen with carbohydrates in the cells is known as what

Answer 29

INTERNAL RESPIRATION ## Footnote 9

Question 30

# Respiration O2 molecules bind to what molecules which are then carried by what cell which give blood its red colour

Answer 30

1. HAEMOGLOBIN 2. RED BLOOD CELLS ## Footnote 9

Question 31

# Respiration 1. What is the definition of EXTERNAL respiration 2. What is the definition of INTERNAL respiration

Answer 31

1. Taking oxygen from air, difussing into the blood stream 2. Using oxygen in each cell to create energy through oxidisation ## Footnote 85 9

Question 32

# Respiration The reduced ability for blood to carry oxygen i.e. carbon monoxide posioning, is the cause of what

Answer 32

ANAEMIC HYPOXIA ## Footnote 97

Question 33

# Respiration Oxygen is carried to the muscle tissues where it is metabolised with what in the blood to provide energy

Answer 33

SUGAR ## Footnote 9

Question 34

# Respiration The 2 waste products of the reaction between oxygen and carbohydrates is what

Answer 34

1. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO²) 2. WATER (H²O) ## Footnote 9

Question 35

# Respiration What fluid transports CO2 to the lungs where it can be passed out to the atmosphere

Answer 35

BLOOD PLASMA ## Footnote 9

Question 36

# Respiration Excess water in the blood not otherwise used for perspiration and cooling is removed from the blood by which organ

Answer 36

KIDNEYS ## Footnote 9

Question 37

# Respiration

Question 38

# Respiration Changes in what gas are more significant and as such are used by the body to control the level of O2

Answer 38

CO2 ## Footnote * CO2 is monitored as it is changing constantly. Conversely, the O2 saturation level is typically around 98% so is not changing much. Ths, CO2 is a better monitor of saturation levels. 90 9

Question 39

# Respiration CARBON MONOXIDE is how many times more likely to bind with haemoglobin than O2

Answer 39

200 TIMES ## Footnote 10

Question 40

# Respiration What symptom will a person exhibit who is suffering from hypoxia due to carbon monoxied posioning

Answer 40

FLUSHED RED ## Footnote 206 10

Question 41

# Respiration The most common source of carbon monoxide is what

Answer 41

CIGARETTE SMOKE ## Footnote 62

Question 42

# Respiration What are 5 possible symptoms of Carbon monoxide (CO) posioning

Answer 42

1. HEADACHE 2. WEAKNESS 3. NAUSEA 4. MUSCLE PAIN 5. DIZZINESS | Symptoms are considered 'flu like' ## Footnote * **REMEMER** Muscle pains have made me weak, given me a headache, which made me dizzy and nauteous 10

Question 43

# Respiration What are the 4 actions a pilot should take if you suspect carbon monoxide is in the cabin when airborne

Answer 43

1. DON OXYGEN MASKS 2. SHUT OF CABIN HEATING 3. OPEN COLD VENTING / WINDOWS 4. LAND ASAP ## Footnote 11

Question 44

# Respiration How is Carbon Monoxide (CO) poisoning treated

Answer 44

100% OXYGEN | can take several days to recuperate ## Footnote 11