03 Multi-Electron Atoms Flashcards
what is the pauli exclusion principle
no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers
an orbital can hold no more than two electrons
can hold only two if they have different spin quantum numbers
outer electrons experience diminished nuclear charge as…
they are screened by internal electrons and by each other
what is orbital shrinking
the helium 1s orbital is smaller than the hydrogen 1s orbital
this is due to the increase in the nuclear charge
what is effective nuclear charge
the resulting net attraction is viewed as if it were an interaction of that electron with a point charge in the nucleus
for a given n, the ns orbitals are ______ in energy than the corresponding np orbitals, which have a ______ energy than the nd orbitals
lower, lower
what are 3 reasons for sublevel splitting
- Coulombs Law
- describes interaction between charged particles - Sheilding
- how electrons can sheild other electrons from the nuclear charge - Penetration
- describing the orbital overlap of one orbital with another
what is the aufbau principle
to determine ground state configuration, begin filling in the lowest energy orbital
what is hunds rule
fill degenerate orbitals singly, with parallel spins, before pairing
what are valence electrons
outermost electrons
- configuration is the same for elements in the same column of the periodic table
what is a noble gas configuration
completely filled outer shell
what are core electrons
the electrons in the filled inner shells of an atom
inner electrons have 1.____ energy, 2._____ effective nuclear charge, and are 3.______ attracted to the nucleus
- low
- high
- strongly
Outer electrons are..
sheilded, have high energy, low effective nuclear charge and are involved in chemical processes
