03 NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
(154 cards)
1
Q
In biology, the ________________ is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.
A
Nervous System
2
Q
Your nervous system uses specialized cells called __________ to send signals, or messages, all over your body.
A
Neurons
3
Q
The following are parts of the CNS, except?
A. Brain
B. Median nerve
C. Spinal cord
D. None of the above
A
B. Median Nerve
4
Q
The nervous system consists of the:
A
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.
5
Q
Nervous System (3)
A
- Central Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Autonomic Nervous System
6
Q
The _____________ is comprised of the brain and spinal cord.
A
Central Nervous System
7
Q
Embryonic Development of the Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Neural Tube (Superior to Inferior)
A
- Anterior (Rostral)
- Posterior (Caudal)
8
Q
Embryonic Development of the Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Primary Brain Vesicles (Superior to Inferior)
A
- Prosencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon
9
Q
What structures arise from the Telencephalon?
A
Cerebrum: Cerebral Hemispheres (cortex, white matter, basal nuclei)
10
Q
What structures arise from the Diencephalon?
A
Diencephalon
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Epithalamus
11
Q
What structures arise from the Mesencephalon?
A
Brain stem: Midbrain
12
Q
What structures arise from the Metencephalon?
A
- Brain stem: Pons
- Cerebellum
13
Q
What structures arise from the Myelencephalon?
A
Brain stem: Medulla Oblongata
14
Q
Control center for registering sensations, correlating with stored information, making decisions and taking actions.
A
Brain
15
Q
Brain
Outer:_______; Inner:_______
A
Outer: Gray; Inner: White
16
Q
Contained within the cranial cavity
A. Cerebrospinal fluid
B. Spinal Cord
C. Brain
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
A
C. Brain
17
Q
A long thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissues and support cells
A
Spinal Cord
18
Q
This extends from the medulla oblongata in the brain stem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column
A
Spinal Cord
19
Q
Spinal Cord
Outer: _____; Inner: _____
A
Outer: White; Inner: Gray
20
Q
What complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body?
A
Brain
21
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: Your brain is an essential organ that controls few body functions.
A
FALSE
22
Q
TRUE OR FALSE: Your brain receives and interprets all the sensory information you encounter, like sights, sounds, smells and tastes.
A
TRUE
23
Q
Major Parts of the Adult Brain (4)
A
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Brain Stem
- Diencephalon
24
Q
The seat of intelligence
A
Cerebrum
25
Part of the brain that provide us the ability to read, write and speak
Cerebrum
26
Lobes of the Brain (4)
o Frontal lobes
o Occipital lobes
o Parietal lobes
o Temporal lobes
27
This is the lobe that controls voluntary movement, speech and intellect.
Frontal lobes
28
These lobes in the back of your brain allow you to notice and interpret visual information.
Occipital lobes
29
This _________ lobe integrates many sensory inputs so that you can understand your environment and the state of your body.
Parietal lobes
30
The ___________ lobes are important in being able to recall words or places that you've been. It also helps you recognize people, understand language and interpret other people’s emotions.
Temporal lobes
31
TRUE OR FALSE: Your right brain hemisphere is often the “dominant” hemisphere
FALSE
32
TRUE OR FALSE: Your left brain hemisphere is often the “dominant” hemisphere — this apply to everyone.
FALSE
33
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Analytical Thought
LEFT BRAIN
34
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Detailed Oriented Perception
LEFT BRAIN
35
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Ordered Sequencing
LEFT BRAIN
36
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Rational Thought
LEFT BRAIN
37
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Verbal
LEFT BRAIN
38
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Cautious
LEFT BRAIN
39
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Planning
LEFT BRAIN
40
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Math/Science
LEFT BRAIN
41
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Logic
LEFT BRAIN
42
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Right Field Vision
LEFT BRAIN
43
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Right Side Motor Skills
LEFT BRAIN
44
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Left Side Motor Skills
RIGHT BRAIN
45
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Intuitive Thought
RIGHT BRAIN
46
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Holistic Perception
RIGHT BRAIN
47
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Random Sequencing
RIGHT BRAIN
48
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Emotional Thought
RIGHT BRAIN
49
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Non-verbal
RIGHT BRAIN
50
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Adventurous
RIGHT BRAIN
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LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Impulse
RIGHT BRAIN
52
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Creative Writing/Art
RIGHT BRAIN
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LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Imagination
RIGHT BRAIN
53
LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Left Vision Field
RIGHT BRAIN
54
(2) Kinds of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
Ischemic
Hemorrhagic
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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) is mostly known as _________.
Stroke
56
______________ is due to the loss of blood supply to an area of the brain.
Ischemic
57
________________is due to bleeding into the brain by the rupture of a blood vessel.
Hemorrhagic
58
(3) Clinical Correlation: Brain Injuries
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) o “Stroke”
Brain Tumors
Alzheimer ’s disease
59
This occupies the posterior and inferior aspects of cranial cavity
Cerebellum
60
Governs balance and coordinates skilled movements
Cerebellum
61
Part of the brain lying posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons
Cerebellum
62
The "little brain"
Cerebellum
63
Forms a central core of the brain tissue just superior to the midbrain
Diencephalon
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Contains numerous nuclei involved in a wide variety of sensory and motor processing between higher and lower brain centers
Diencephalon
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The _______________ is involved in many crucial bodily functions including coordinating with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating circadian rhythms (the sleep wake cycle).
Diencephalon
66
The three major subdivisions of the diencephalon includes:
The three major subdivisions of the diencephalon include the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the epithalamus.
67
"Relay center of the brain"
Thalamus
68
Makes up 80% of the diencephalon
Thalamus
69
Small part of diencephalon located inferior to the thalamus.
Hypothalamus
70
Controls and integrates activities of autonomic nervous system.
Hypothalamus
71
Produces hormones (releasing hormones, inhibiting hormones, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone.
Hypothalamus
72
Small region superior and posterior to the thalamus
Epithalamus
73
Consists of pineal gland (secretes melatonin) and habenular nuclei (involved in olfaction).
Epithalamus
74
Contains sensory and motor tracts
Midbrain
75
The top part of the brainstem which is crucial for regulating eye movements
Midbrain
76
Contains nuclei of origin for oculomotor (III) and trochlear (IV) nerves.
Midbrain
77
The middle portion of the brainstem coordinates facial movements, hearing and balance
Pons
78
Contains sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts.
Medulla Oblongata
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Contains vital centers for breathing, consciousness, vomiting, swallowing, motor skills etc.
Medulla Oblongata
80
Contains nuclei of origin for trigeminal (v), abducens (vi), facial (vii), and vestibulocochlear (viii) nerves
Pons
81
Diagnostic radiograph used primarily for orthodontic treatment planning
Cephalometric X-ray
82
Used extensively in orthodontics to assess the relationships of the teeth to the jaws and the jaws to the rest of the facial skeleton
Cephalometric X-ray
83
Largest part of the brain?
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem
a. Cerebrum
84
Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and
epithalamus?
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem
c. Diencephalon
85
Arises from the primitive telencephalon?
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem
a. Cerebrum
85
Continuous with the spinal cord?
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem
d. Brainstem
86
Governs balance, coordination and skilled movements
a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem
b. Cerebellum
87
TRUE OR FALSE: The anterior/ventral part of Spinal cord is for motor
TRUE
88
TRUE OR FALSE: The posterior/dorsal part of Spinal cord is for motor.
FALSE. The posterior/dorsal part of Spinal cord is for SENSORY.
89
(3) Spinal Cord Injury
Traumatic injuries
Cord compression
Tumors
90
______________________ happens when pressure on the spinal cord stops the nerves working normally.
Spinal cord compression
91
Manifestations of Spinal Cord Injuries
Paraplegia/Tetraplegia
Sensory deficits
Bowel and bladder dysfunctions
Sexual dysfunction
92
___________________ is a paralysis starting in the thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5) or sacral (S1-S5) area.
Paraplegia
93
_____________ (sometimes referred to as quadriplegia) is a term used to describe the inability to voluntarily move the upper and lower parts of the body. The areas of impaired mobility usually include the fingers, hands, arms, chest, legs, feet and toes and may or may not include the head, neck, and shoulders.
Tetraplegia
94
Three layers of membranes known as __________________ protect the brain and spinal cord.
Meninges
94
Meninges: three protective connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and the brain: (Superficial to deep)
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
95
TRUE OR FALSE: Spinal meninges are continuous with the cranial meninges
TRUE
96
The meninges separate three spaces called the: (3)
The meninges separate three spaces called the epidural space, subarachnoid space, and the subdural space.
97
An __________________ is a collection of blood that forms between your skull and the dura mater, the outermost protective membrane covering your brain.
Epidural Hematoma
98
A ____________________ is a buildup of blood on the surface of the brain. The blood builds up in a space between the protective layers that surround your brain.
Subdural Hematoma
99
TRUE OR FALSE: Nerves that extend throughout the body on both sides emerging directly from brain and brain stem are called spinal nerves.
FALSE. Cranial nerves.
100
How many pairs are in Cranial Nerves?
12 pairs
101
How many pairs are in Spinal Nerves?
31 pairs
102
This nerve pass through various foramina in the bones of the cranium
Cranial Nerves
103
What is I cranial nerve?
Olfactory
104
What is II cranial nerve?
Optic
105
What is III cranial nerve?
Oculomotor
106
What is IV cranial nerve?
Trochlear
107
What is V cranial nerve?
Trigeminal
108
What is VI cranial nerve?
Abducens
109
What is VII cranial nerve?
Facial
110
What is VIII cranial nerve?
Vestibulocochlear
111
What is X cranial nerve?
Vagus
111
What is IX cranial nerve?
Glossopharyngeal
112
What is XI cranial nerve?
Accessory
113
What is the function of Olfactory?
Sensory
113
What is XII cranial nerve?
Hypoglossal
114
What is the function of Optic?
Sensory
115
What is the function of Oculomotor?
Motor
115
What is the function of Trochlear?
Motor
116
What is the function of Trigeminal?
Mixed
117
What is the function of Abducens?
Motor
118
What is the function of Facial nerve?
Mixed
119
What is the function of Vestibulocochlear nerve?
Sensory
120
What is the function of Glossopharyngeal nerve?
Mixed
121
What is the function of Accessory nerve?
Motor
121
What is the function of Vagus nerve?
Mixed
122
What is the function of Hypoglossal nerve?
Motor
123
Loss of sense of smell
Can be from CN I injury
Anosmia
124
Drooping of eyelid CN III damage
Ptosis
125
Both eyes do not fix on the same object; CN III, IV or VI damage
Strabismus
126
Double vision; CN III, IV or VI damage
Diplopia
127
Cranial VII injury
A neurological disorder that causes paralysis or weakness on one side of the face.
"Bell's" palsy
128
Nerves that merges from the spinal cord
Spinal Nerves
129
Parallel bundles of axons and their associated neuroglial cells wrapped in several layers of connective tissue
Spinal Nerves
130
Connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands in all parts of the body
Spinal Nerves
131
Spinal nerves exit at: Above
C1 to c7: above
132
Spinal nerves exit at: Below
T1 to l5: below
132
Disc bulge, protrusion, extrusion and sequestration
Herniated Disc and Spinal Nerve
133
All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nerves
133
Branches of Peripheral Nerves. (Superior to Inferior)
1. Cervical Plexus
2. Brachial Plexus
3. Lumbar Plexus
4. Sacral Plexus
134
___________________ is a common neurological disorder that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist.
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
135
_______ refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve.
Sciatica
136
What lobe of the brain is responsible for visual processing?
Occipital lobe
137
What lobe of the brain is responsible for speech?
Frontal lobe
138
What lobe of the brain is responsible for motor cortex?
Frontal lobe
139
What lobe of the brain is responsible for sensory cortex?
Parietal lobe
140
What lobe of the brain is responsible for problem hearing?
Temporal lobe
141
What lobe of the brain is responsible for sense of sight?
Occipital lobes
142
What lobe of the brain is responsible for hearing?
Temporal lobe
143
What lobe of the brain is responsible for cognition?
Frontal lobe
144
What lobe of the brain is responsible for sound?
Temporal lobe
145
What lobe of the brain is responsible for sense of touch and pressure?
Parietal lobe
