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General Anatomy Lecture > 03 NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

03 NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

In biology, the ________________ is the highly complex part of an animal that coordinates its actions and sensory information by transmitting signals to and from different parts of its body.

A

Nervous System

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2
Q

Your nervous system uses specialized cells called __________ to send signals, or messages, all over your body.

A

Neurons

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3
Q

The following are parts of the CNS, except?
A. Brain
B. Median nerve
C. Spinal cord
D. None of the above

A

B. Median Nerve

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4
Q

The nervous system consists of the:

A

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a complex network of nerves.

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5
Q

Nervous System (3)

A
  1. Central Nervous System
  2. Peripheral Nervous System
  3. Autonomic Nervous System
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6
Q

The _____________ is comprised of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Central Nervous System

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7
Q

Embryonic Development of the Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Neural Tube (Superior to Inferior)

A
  1. Anterior (Rostral)
  2. Posterior (Caudal)
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8
Q

Embryonic Development of the Human Brain and Spinal Cord: Primary Brain Vesicles (Superior to Inferior)

A
  1. Prosencephalon
  2. Mesencephalon
  3. Rhombencephalon
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9
Q

What structures arise from the Telencephalon?

A

Cerebrum: Cerebral Hemispheres (cortex, white matter, basal nuclei)

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10
Q

What structures arise from the Diencephalon?

A

Diencephalon
1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Epithalamus

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11
Q

What structures arise from the Mesencephalon?

A

Brain stem: Midbrain

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12
Q

What structures arise from the Metencephalon?

A
  1. Brain stem: Pons
  2. Cerebellum
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13
Q

What structures arise from the Myelencephalon?

A

Brain stem: Medulla Oblongata

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14
Q

Control center for registering sensations, correlating with stored information, making decisions and taking actions.

A

Brain

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15
Q

Brain

Outer:_______; Inner:_______

A

Outer: Gray; Inner: White

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16
Q

Contained within the cranial cavity

A. Cerebrospinal fluid
B. Spinal Cord
C. Brain
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

A

C. Brain

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17
Q

A long thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissues and support cells

A

Spinal Cord

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18
Q

This extends from the medulla oblongata in the brain stem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column

A

Spinal Cord

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19
Q

Spinal Cord
Outer: _____; Inner: _____

A

Outer: White; Inner: Gray

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20
Q

What complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body?

A

Brain

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Your brain is an essential organ that controls few body functions.

A

FALSE

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22
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Your brain receives and interprets all the sensory information you encounter, like sights, sounds, smells and tastes.

A

TRUE

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23
Q

Major Parts of the Adult Brain (4)

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain Stem
  4. Diencephalon
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24
Q

The seat of intelligence

A

Cerebrum

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25
Q

Part of the brain that provide us the ability to read, write and speak

A

Cerebrum

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26
Q

Lobes of the Brain (4)

A

o Frontal lobes
o Occipital lobes
o Parietal lobes
o Temporal lobes

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27
Q

This is the lobe that controls voluntary movement, speech and intellect.

A

Frontal lobes

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28
Q

These lobes in the back of your brain allow you to notice and interpret visual information.

A

Occipital lobes

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29
Q

This _________ lobe integrates many sensory inputs so that you can understand your environment and the state of your body.

A

Parietal lobes

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30
Q

The ___________ lobes are important in being able to recall words or places that you’ve been. It also helps you recognize people, understand language and interpret other people’s emotions.

A

Temporal lobes

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31
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Your right brain hemisphere is often the “dominant” hemisphere

A

FALSE

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32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Your left brain hemisphere is often the “dominant” hemisphere — this apply to everyone.

A

FALSE

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33
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Analytical Thought

A

LEFT BRAIN

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34
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Detailed Oriented Perception

A

LEFT BRAIN

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35
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Ordered Sequencing

A

LEFT BRAIN

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36
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Rational Thought

A

LEFT BRAIN

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37
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Verbal

A

LEFT BRAIN

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38
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Cautious

A

LEFT BRAIN

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39
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Planning

A

LEFT BRAIN

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40
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Math/Science

A

LEFT BRAIN

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41
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Logic

A

LEFT BRAIN

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42
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Right Field Vision

A

LEFT BRAIN

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43
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Right Side Motor Skills

A

LEFT BRAIN

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44
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Left Side Motor Skills

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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45
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Intuitive Thought

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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46
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Holistic Perception

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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47
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Random Sequencing

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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48
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Emotional Thought

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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49
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Non-verbal

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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50
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Adventurous

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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51
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Impulse

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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52
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Creative Writing/Art

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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53
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Imagination

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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53
Q

LEFT OR RIGHT BRAIN: Left Vision Field

A

RIGHT BRAIN

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54
Q

(2) Kinds of Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A

 Ischemic
 Hemorrhagic

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55
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) is mostly known as _________.

A

Stroke

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56
Q

______________ is due to the loss of blood supply to an area of the brain.

A

Ischemic

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57
Q

________________is due to bleeding into the brain by the rupture of a blood vessel.

A

Hemorrhagic

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58
Q

(3) Clinical Correlation: Brain Injuries

A

 Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) o “Stroke”
 Brain Tumors
 Alzheimer ’s disease

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59
Q

This occupies the posterior and inferior aspects of cranial cavity

A

Cerebellum

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60
Q

Governs balance and coordinates skilled movements

A

Cerebellum

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61
Q

Part of the brain lying posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons

A

Cerebellum

62
Q

The “little brain”

A

Cerebellum

63
Q

Forms a central core of the brain tissue just superior to the midbrain

A

Diencephalon

64
Q

Contains numerous nuclei involved in a wide variety of sensory and motor processing between higher and lower brain centers

A

Diencephalon

65
Q

The _______________ is involved in many crucial bodily functions including coordinating with the endocrine system to release hormones, relaying sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex, and regulating circadian rhythms (the sleep wake cycle).

A

Diencephalon

66
Q

The three major subdivisions of the diencephalon includes:

A

The three major subdivisions of the diencephalon include the thalamus, hypothalamus, and the epithalamus.

67
Q

“Relay center of the brain”

A

Thalamus

68
Q

Makes up 80% of the diencephalon

A

Thalamus

69
Q

Small part of diencephalon located inferior to the thalamus.

A

Hypothalamus

70
Q

Controls and integrates activities of autonomic nervous system.

A

Hypothalamus

71
Q

Produces hormones (releasing hormones, inhibiting hormones, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone.

A

Hypothalamus

72
Q

Small region superior and posterior to the thalamus

A

Epithalamus

73
Q

Consists of pineal gland (secretes melatonin) and habenular nuclei (involved in olfaction).

A

Epithalamus

74
Q

Contains sensory and motor tracts

A

Midbrain

75
Q

The top part of the brainstem which is crucial for regulating eye movements

A

Midbrain

76
Q

Contains nuclei of origin for oculomotor (III) and trochlear (IV) nerves.

A

Midbrain

77
Q

The middle portion of the brainstem coordinates facial movements, hearing and balance

A

Pons

78
Q

Contains sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts.

A

Medulla Oblongata

79
Q

Contains vital centers for breathing, consciousness, vomiting, swallowing, motor skills etc.

A

Medulla Oblongata

80
Q

Contains nuclei of origin for trigeminal (v), abducens (vi), facial (vii), and vestibulocochlear (viii) nerves

A

Pons

81
Q

Diagnostic radiograph used primarily for orthodontic treatment planning

A

Cephalometric X-ray

82
Q

Used extensively in orthodontics to assess the relationships of the teeth to the jaws and the jaws to the rest of the facial skeleton

A

Cephalometric X-ray

83
Q

Largest part of the brain?

a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem

A

a. Cerebrum

84
Q

Contains the thalamus, hypothalamus, and
epithalamus?

a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem

A

c. Diencephalon

85
Q

Arises from the primitive telencephalon?

a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem

A

a. Cerebrum

85
Q

Continuous with the spinal cord?

a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem

A

d. Brainstem

86
Q

Governs balance, coordination and skilled movements

a. Cerebrum
b. Cerebellum
c. Diencephalon
d. Brainstem

A

b. Cerebellum

87
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The anterior/ventral part of Spinal cord is for motor

A

TRUE

88
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The posterior/dorsal part of Spinal cord is for motor.

A

FALSE. The posterior/dorsal part of Spinal cord is for SENSORY.

89
Q

(3) Spinal Cord Injury

A

 Traumatic injuries
 Cord compression
 Tumors

90
Q

______________________ happens when pressure on the spinal cord stops the nerves working normally.

A

Spinal cord compression

91
Q

Manifestations of Spinal Cord Injuries

A

 Paraplegia/Tetraplegia
 Sensory deficits
 Bowel and bladder dysfunctions
 Sexual dysfunction

92
Q

___________________ is a paralysis starting in the thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5) or sacral (S1-S5) area.

A

Paraplegia

93
Q

_____________ (sometimes referred to as quadriplegia) is a term used to describe the inability to voluntarily move the upper and lower parts of the body. The areas of impaired mobility usually include the fingers, hands, arms, chest, legs, feet and toes and may or may not include the head, neck, and shoulders.

A

Tetraplegia

94
Q

Three layers of membranes known as __________________ protect the brain and spinal cord.

A

Meninges

94
Q

Meninges: three protective connective tissue coverings that encircle the spinal cord and the brain: (Superficial to deep)

A

 Dura mater
 Arachnoid mater
 Pia mater

95
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Spinal meninges are continuous with the cranial meninges

A

TRUE

96
Q

The meninges separate three spaces called the: (3)

A

The meninges separate three spaces called the epidural space, subarachnoid space, and the subdural space.

97
Q

An __________________ is a collection of blood that forms between your skull and the dura mater, the outermost protective membrane covering your brain.

A

Epidural Hematoma

98
Q

A ____________________ is a buildup of blood on the surface of the brain. The blood builds up in a space between the protective layers that surround your brain.

A

Subdural Hematoma

99
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Nerves that extend throughout the body on both sides emerging directly from brain and brain stem are called spinal nerves.

A

FALSE. Cranial nerves.

100
Q

How many pairs are in Cranial Nerves?

A

12 pairs

101
Q

How many pairs are in Spinal Nerves?

A

31 pairs

102
Q

This nerve pass through various foramina in the bones of the cranium

A

Cranial Nerves

103
Q

What is I cranial nerve?

A

Olfactory

104
Q

What is II cranial nerve?

A

Optic

105
Q

What is III cranial nerve?

A

Oculomotor

106
Q

What is IV cranial nerve?

A

Trochlear

107
Q

What is V cranial nerve?

A

Trigeminal

108
Q

What is VI cranial nerve?

A

Abducens

109
Q

What is VII cranial nerve?

A

Facial

110
Q

What is VIII cranial nerve?

A

Vestibulocochlear

111
Q

What is X cranial nerve?

A

Vagus

111
Q

What is IX cranial nerve?

A

Glossopharyngeal

112
Q

What is XI cranial nerve?

A

Accessory

113
Q

What is the function of Olfactory?

A

Sensory

113
Q

What is XII cranial nerve?

A

Hypoglossal

114
Q

What is the function of Optic?

A

Sensory

115
Q

What is the function of Oculomotor?

A

Motor

115
Q

What is the function of Trochlear?

A

Motor

116
Q

What is the function of Trigeminal?

A

Mixed

117
Q

What is the function of Abducens?

A

Motor

118
Q

What is the function of Facial nerve?

A

Mixed

119
Q

What is the function of Vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Sensory

120
Q

What is the function of Glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Mixed

121
Q

What is the function of Accessory nerve?

A

Motor

121
Q

What is the function of Vagus nerve?

A

Mixed

122
Q

What is the function of Hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor

123
Q

 Loss of sense of smell
 Can be from CN I injury

A

Anosmia

124
Q

Drooping of eyelid CN III damage

A

Ptosis

125
Q

Both eyes do not fix on the same object; CN III, IV or VI damage

A

Strabismus

126
Q

Double vision; CN III, IV or VI damage

A

Diplopia

127
Q

 Cranial VII injury
 A neurological disorder that causes paralysis or weakness on one side of the face.

A

“Bell’s” palsy

128
Q

Nerves that merges from the spinal cord

A

Spinal Nerves

129
Q

Parallel bundles of axons and their associated neuroglial cells wrapped in several layers of connective tissue

A

Spinal Nerves

130
Q

Connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands in all parts of the body

A

Spinal Nerves

131
Q

Spinal nerves exit at: Above

A

C1 to c7: above

132
Q

Spinal nerves exit at: Below

A

T1 to l5: below

132
Q

Disc bulge, protrusion, extrusion and sequestration

A

Herniated Disc and Spinal Nerve

133
Q

All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nerves

133
Q

Branches of Peripheral Nerves. (Superior to Inferior)

A
  1. Cervical Plexus
  2. Brachial Plexus
  3. Lumbar Plexus
  4. Sacral Plexus
134
Q

___________________ is a common neurological disorder that occurs when the median nerve, which runs from your forearm into the palm of the hand, becomes pressed or squeezed at the wrist.

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

135
Q

_______ refers to pain, weakness, numbness, or tingling in the leg. It is caused by injury to or pressure on the sciatic nerve.

A

Sciatica

136
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for visual processing?

A

Occipital lobe

137
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for speech?

A

Frontal lobe

138
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for motor cortex?

A

Frontal lobe

139
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for sensory cortex?

A

Parietal lobe

140
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for problem hearing?

A

Temporal lobe

141
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for sense of sight?

A

Occipital lobes

142
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for hearing?

A

Temporal lobe

143
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for cognition?

A

Frontal lobe

144
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for sound?

A

Temporal lobe

145
Q

What lobe of the brain is responsible for sense of touch and pressure?

A

Parietal lobe

General Anatomy Lecture (4 decks)

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