03 osteology

Question 1

What are the two components of bone composition

Answer 1

thick compact bone
cancellous bone

Question 2

What is the inner web-like structure of cancellous bone called?

Answer 2

Trabeculae (force lines)

Question 3

In which part of the bone does bone marrow exist?

Answer 3

cancellous bone within the Trabeculae

Question 4

This part of the bone is highly vascularized

Answer 4

cancellous bone

Question 5

Where does stem cell production take place?

Answer 5

within the cancellous bone

Question 6

This part of the bone is very dense and provides structural support

Answer 6

thick compact bone

Question 7

How is the compact bone arranged

Answer 7

longitudinally

Question 8

What is an Osteon or Haversian system?

Answer 8

a structural circular subunit of compact bone

Question 9

How does the blood supply travel through compact bone?

Answer 9

Haversian canals
Volkmann’s canals

Question 10

What are lacunae?

Answer 10

narrow spaces positioned between the lamellae of the osteon

Question 11

What is the Osteoblast function within compact bone?

Answer 11

Forming new lamellar bone

Question 12

Where are the Osteocytes within compact bone?

Answer 12

enclosed in lacunae

Question 13

How many lamellar layers does an osteon generally have?

Answer 13

10-15 layers

Question 14

How are Haversian canals situated?

Answer 14

longitudinally through the haversian systems or osteons

Question 15

How are Volkmann’s canals situated?

Answer 15

perpendicular to the haversian systems or osteons

Question 16

What travels through the periosteum, haversian and volkmann’s canals, and the inner endosteal layer of compact bone?

Answer 16

capillaries

Question 17

Where do the capillaries originate?

Answer 17

Periosteum (outer layer)
Inner Endosteal layer (bone marrow)

Question 18

What are the reconnections of vessels within the bone called?

Answer 18

Anastomosis

Question 19

What connects the Periosteum to the compact bone?

Answer 19

Sharpey’s Fibers

Question 20

describe the three parts of the constant bone cellular cycle

Answer 20

Osteoblast - formation
Osteocyte - maintenance
Osteoclast - destruction

Question 21

How long does it take for bone tissue to completely regenerate?

Answer 21

within 10 years

Question 22

What is important for bone tissue formation?

Answer 22

Optimal loading

Question 23

Name 5 types of bones

Answer 23

Long bone
Short bone
Irregular bone
Flat bone
Sesamoid bone

Question 24

What is one example of a Long bone?

Answer 24

Humerus

Question 25

What is one example of a Short bone?

Answer 25

Carpal bone

Question 26

What is one example of an Irregular bone?

Answer 26

Vertebrae

Question 27

What is one example of a Flat bone?

Answer 27

Sternum

Question 28

What is one example of a Sesamoid bone?

Answer 28

Patella

Question 29

What are the three parts of a Long bone?

Answer 29

Epiphysis Diaphysis Epiphyseal Line/Plate

Question 30

Which part of the Long bone plays an important role in bone growth and maturation?

Answer 30

Epiphyseal Line/Plate

Question 31

Which bone marrow is inside the Epiphysis?

Answer 31

Red marrow

Question 32

Which marrow is highly vascularized?

Answer 32

Red marrow

Question 33

Which bone marrow is inside the Diaphysis?

Answer 33

Yellow marrow

Question 34

Which marrow is less vascularized?

Answer 34

Yellow marrow

Question 35

Which marrow forms fat, cartilage, and bone tissue?

Answer 35

Yellow marrow

Question 36

What is Direct bone growth called?

Answer 36

Membranous Osteogenesis

Question 37

Which type of bone growth provides thickness in bones?

Answer 37

Membranous Osteogenesis (Direct)

Question 38

What is Indirect bone growth called?

Answer 38

Endochondral Osteogenesis

Question 39

Which type of bone growth takes care of longitudinal growth?

Answer 39

Endochondral Osteogenesis (Indirect)

Question 40

Through which process does Endochondral Osteogenesis grow bones?

Answer 40

through Hyaline Cartilage Calcification

Question 41

What are the four zones of the Epiphyseal plate?

Answer 41

Proliferating zone Zone of hypertrophy Calcified Cartilage Ossification zone

Question 42

How do chondrocytes mature during bone growth?

Answer 42

By moving through the Epiphyseal plate

Question 43

In which Epyphyseal zone do the new chondrocytes stack?

Answer 43

Proliferating zone

Question 44

In which Epyphyseal zone do the chondrocytes grow bigger/mature?

Answer 44

Zone of hypertrophy

Question 45

In which Epyphyseal zone do the matured chondrodytes calcify?

Answer 45

Calcified Cartilage

Question 46

In which Epyphyseal zone does the calcified cartilage become bone tissue?

Answer 46

Ossification zone

Question 47

What does it mean for cartilage to Ossify?

Answer 47

To become bone tissue

Question 48

What is the difference between a child's and adult's long bone?

Answer 48

An adult's long bone will have a calcified Epyphyseal Line.

Question 49

What happens when we do not load the bones?

Answer 49

The bone tissue decreases, and we are at higher risk of fracturing.

Question 50

Why is optimal loading important?

Answer 50

Bone tissue needs to understand what load is put on it and what load it needs to be able to withstand

Question 51

What are the three stages of bone healing?

Answer 51

Inflammation Proliferation Remodeling

Question 52

Approx. how long does the Inflammation period last?

Answer 52

1 week

Question 53

Approx. how long does the Proliferation period last?

Answer 53

2-3 weeks

Question 54

Approx. how long does the Remodeling period last?

Answer 54

17 weeks

Question 55

How do trabeculae form?

Answer 55

Trabeculae form according to the load the bone is receiving