038-043

Question 1

What system moves blood throughout the body?

Answer 1

Circulatory.

Question 2

What does blood transport?

Answer 2

Food and oxygen to the cells; carries away carbon dioxide and other wastes.

Question 3

Of what does the circulatory system consist?

Answer 3

Heart, blood vessels, blood, and the lymphatic system.

Question 4

How does the heart pump blood through the circulatory system?

Answer 4

Contracting and relaxing rhythmically.

Question 5

How many pumps does the heart have?

Answer 5

Two, one to carry that receives blood from the lungs to the cells and another that picks up carbon dioxide and other wastes from the cells.

Question 6

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 6

Arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Question 7

What is the largest artery in the body?

Answer 7

Aorta.

Question 8

What are the body’s two largest veins?

Answer 8

Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.

Question 9

The blood consists of plasma and what three kinds of formed elements?

Answer 9

Red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets.

Question 10

How are red blood cells (erythrocytes) able to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues?

Answer 10

They contain hemoglobin, which picks up oxygen molecules from the lungs.

Question 11

How do white blood cells (leukocytes) help protect the body from disease?

Answer 11

By attacking bacteria, viruses, poisons, and other harmful substances.

Question 12

How do platelets help prevent bleeding from damaged blood vessels?

Answer 12

They collect where an injured blood vessel leaks and along with various proteins in the plasma, seal broken blood vessels by forming a clot.

Question 13

Where does lymph come from?

Answer 13

Blood.

Question 14

What is the purpose of lymph nodes?

Answer 14

Produce many white blood cells, which filter harmful substances out of the lymph.

Question 15

What are the main organs of the urinary system?

Answer 15

Kidneys.

Question 16

What are the microscopic filtering units in the kidneys called?

Answer 16

Nephrons.

Question 17

What is formed when water, urea, sodium chloride, and certain other wastes are filtered through a nephron?

Answer 17

Urine.

Question 18

What carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Answer 18

Ureters

Question 19

Where does urine leave the body?

Answer 19

Urethra.

Question 20

What is the process in which a sperm unites with an egg?

Answer 20

Fertilization.

Question 21

In the male, what glands produce sperm?

Answer 21

Testicles.

Question 22

How often do the ovaries of a female release an egg?

Answer 22

About once a month during childbearing years.

Question 23

How does the developing baby obtain food and oxygen?

Answer 23

The placenta enables the baby to obtain food and oxygen from the mother’s bloodstream.

Question 24

How do the endocrine glands control body function?

Answer 24

By producing hormones.

Question 26

What are some of the main endocrine glands?

Answer 26

Adrenal, pituitary, parathyroid, sex, and the thyroid glands.

Question 27

How is the pituitary gland controlled?

Answer 27

By hormones released by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

Question 28

Define exocrine glands.

Answer 28

They make chemicals that perform specific functions in the area where they are released.

Question 29

What are some of the major exocrine products?

Answer 29

Digestive juices, mucus, sweat, and tears.

Question 29

What does the nervous system regulate and coordinate?

Answer 29

The activities of all other systems of the body.

Question 30

Of what is the nervous system made?

Answer 30

Neurons.

Question 31

What are the three main divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 31

Central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 32

What two types of neurons are included in the nerves that connect the central nervous system with every part of the body?

Answer 32

Sensory and motor neurons.

Question 33

What division of the nervous system functions as the control center?

Answer 33

Central nervous system.

Question 34

What are receptors? What role do receptors play in the nervous system?

Answer 34

Special sensory neurons. They translate information about the internal or external environment into nerve impulses.

Question 35

What main division of the nervous system regulates automatic functions of the body, such as the beating of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system?

Answer 35

Autonomic.