04 - Cardiovascular

Question 1

ezetimibe (EZ)

Answer 1

dyslipidaemic drug
increase intestinal cholesterol absorption
only dyslipidaemic drug without increase HDL

Question 2

fenofibrate (ff)

Answer 2

dyslipidaemic drug

1) increase muscle LPL
2) increase HDL

Question 3

niacin

Answer 3

dyslipidaemic drug

1) decrease hormone-sensitive lipase
2) increase HDL

Question 4

colestyramine

Answer 4

dyslipidaemic drug

1) decrease bile reabsorption
2) increase HDL

Question 5

statin

Answer 5

dyslipidaemic drug

1) inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
2) increase HDL

Question 6

ticagrelor

Answer 6

anti-platelet drug

inhibit ADP receptor

Question 7

eptifibatide (tiff)

Answer 7

anti-platelet drug

inhibit GPIIa/IIIb

Question 8

aspirin

Answer 8

anti-platelet drug

inhibit PG release

Question 9

warfarin

Answer 9

anti-coagulant

inhibit VKOR –> inhibit factor X and factor II

Question 10

heparin

Answer 10

anti-coagulant

inhibit factor Xa and IIa via ATIII

Question 11

enoxaparin (enoch)

Answer 11

anti-coagulant

inhibit factor Xa selectively via ATIII

Question 12

dabigatran

Answer 12

anti-coagulant

inhibit factor IIa directly

Question 13

streptokinase

Answer 13

thrombolytic

activates fibrin-bound and circulating PLG non-selectively

Question 14

tenecteplase

Answer 14

thrombolytic

activates fibrin-bound PLG selectively

Question 15

ivabradine (brad)

Answer 15

drugs for IHD

decrease funny current

Question 16

ranolazine

Answer 16

drugs for IHD

decrease late Na+ current

Question 17

trimetazidine (tri/meta)

Answer 17

drugs for IHD

decrease fatty acid oxidation

Question 18

nicorandil (n-o)

Answer 18

drugs for IHD

increase NO –> stimulate K(ATP) channels

Question 19

captopril

Answer 19

(A1) ACEi
decrease vasoconsriction
decrease fluid retention

Question 20

losartan

Answer 20

(A2) ARB aka Angiotensin I receptor blocker
decrease vasoconstriction
decrease fluid retention

Question 21

propanolol

Answer 21

(B) beta-blocker

decrease sympathetic innervation

Question 22

verapamil

Answer 22

(C1) Ca2+ channel blocker
decrease EC coupling

(D2) directly-acting vasodilator
same mechanism

Class IV anti-arrhythmic drug
same mechanism

Question 23

diltiazem

Answer 23

(C1) Ca2+ channel blocker
decrease EC coupling

(D2) directly-acting vasodilator
same mechanism

Class IV anti-arrhythmic drug
same mechanism

Question 24

phenoxylbenzamine

Answer 24

(C2) centrally-acting anti-hyperintensive
inhibit alpha(1) innervation

Question 25

terazosin (-osin)

Answer 25

``` (C2) centrally-acting anti-hyperintensive inhibit alpha(1) innervation ```

Question 26

clonidine

Answer 26

(C2) centrally-acting anti-hyperintensive alpha(2) agonist (autoreceptor) inhibit sympathetic innervation

Question 27

alpha-methyl DOPA

Answer 27

``` (C2) centrally-acting anti-hyperintensive sympathomimetic inhibit alpha(1) innervation ```

Question 28

mannitol

Answer 28

(D1) diuretic osmotic diuretic increase osmotic gradient

Question 29

frusemide

Answer 29

(D1) diuretic loop diuretic inhibit Na-K-Cl cotransporter

Question 30

hydrochlorothiazides (thiazides)

Answer 30

(D1) diuretic thiazides inhibit Na-Cl transporter

Question 31

potassium-sparing diuretic

Answer 31

(D1) diuretic potassium-sparing inhibit aldosterone-sensitive Na+ reabsorption

Question 32

diazoxide

Answer 32

``` (D2) directly-acting vasodilator increase K(ATP) channel ```

Question 33

hydralazine

Answer 33

(D2) directly-acting vasodilator

Question 34

sodium nitroprusside

Answer 34

(D2) directly-acting vasodilator increase NO increase K(ATP) channel

Question 35

lignocaine aka lidocaine

Answer 35

Class I anti-arrhythmic drug Na+ blocker also a local anaesthetic (same mechanism)

Question 36

propanolol

Answer 36

Class II anti-arrhythmic drug | beta blocker

Question 37

amiodarone

Answer 37

Class III anti-arrhythmic drug | potassium blocker

Question 38

digoxin

Answer 38

drug for cardiac failure inhibit Na/K-ATPase inhibit Ca2+ efflux by NCX increase contractility