06-Superficial Fungi I Flashcards
(32 cards)
1
Q
- Above what level of the hair shaft do dermatophytes infect?
A
- Adamson’s fringe
2
Q
- Do candida infections occur in high or low pH? What factors affect the pH conducive to candiasis?
A
- High pH; panty-liners, diapers, occlusive agents
3
Q
- What is the most reliable test to distinguish T. rubrum from T. mentag?
A
- Hair perforation test
4
Q
- Which dermatophyte is most commonly responsible for tinea gladiatorum?
A
- T. tonsurans
5
Q
- What is the causative non-dermatophyte in resistant T. Pedis?
A
- Scytalidium dimidiatum – resistant to most antifungals but sensitive to cycloheximide
6
Q
- What organism most commonly causes favus?
A
- T.schoenleilli
7
Q
- Define mycelium.
A
- A mass of hyphae
8
Q
- What are chlamydoconidia? What organism produces chlamydoconidia?
A
- Thick-walled round cells resistant to the environment. T. tonsurans
9
Q
- What is the most common cause of white superficial onychomycosis?
A
- T. mentographytes
10
Q
- What accounts for the depigmentation seen in tinea versicolor?
A
- Dicarboxylic acid
11
Q
- What is the organism responsible for tinea nigra?
A
- Horteae/ Exophiala wernickii
12
Q
- What causes black piedra? What is the clinical presentation?
A
- Piedra hortae; brown/black firmly adherent nodules on hair
13
Q
- Malassezia has been implicated in what neonatal skin condition?
A
- Neonatal cephalic pustulosis
14
Q
- Name 4 geophilic organisms. What kind of inflammatory response do they elicit in humans?
A
- M. gypseum (tinea corporis, capitis), T. terrestre, M. fulvum, M. cookie; modsevere inflammation
15
Q
- Name zoophilic organisms. What kind of inflammatory response do they elicit in humans?
A
- M. canis, T. Mentagrophytes, M. gallinae, T. equinum, T. verrucosum, M. nanum, T. simii, M. persicolor; intense inflammation
16
Q
- What are the nutritional requirements for T. verrucosum?
A
- Inositol and thiamine.
17
Q
- Which dermatophyte requires niacin for its growth?
A
- T. equinum
18
Q
- How are arthroconidia formed?
A
- By fragmentation of hyphae
19
Q
- What are sporangia?
A
- Spores that are produced in a sac
20
Q
- What are conidia?
A
- Asexual, nonmotile spores, reproductive structures
21
Q
- In which two groups of dermatophytes are macroconidia important?
A
- Microsporum and Epidermophyton
22
Q
- Name endothrix organisms.
A
- T. tonsurans, T. rubrum, T. violaceum. T. soudanense, T. gourvilli, T. yaoudei, T. schoenleinii “say say violet you’re going right to town)
23
Q
- Name ectothrix organisms.
A
- M. canis, M. audouini, M. distortum, M. ferrugineum, M. gypseum, M. distortum, T. rubrum (sometimes)
24
Q
- What causes tinea imbricata?
A
- T. concentricum
25
25. What causes bullous tinea?
25. T. mentographytes
26
26. What is the most common cause of white superficial onychomycosis in the HIV population?
26. T. rubrum
27
27. What time period does congenital candidiasis clinically present?
27. Usually at birth, but can be up to 6 days of life
28
28. What is the clinical distribution of neonatal candidiasis?
28. Diaper area and oral mucosa
29
29. What does AEPCED stand for and what is the gene mutation?
29. Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy–candidiasis–ectodermal dystrophy syndrome, APECED- autosomal recessive AIRE gene
30
30. What is the gold standard treatment for systemic candidiasis?
30. Amphotericin B
31
31. What is Jacquet’s erosive dermatitis?
31. An erosive variant of granuloma gluteale infantum (pseudoverrucous papules/nodules in chronic irritant dermatitis)
32
32. What is geotrichosis and where is it normally found?
32. Yeast-like fungus; normal flora in milk, fruit tomatoes and soil
