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Andrews/Bolognia Review questions > 07-Fungal II > Flashcards

07-Fungal II Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the most frequently reported cause of primary cutaneous aspergillosis?
A
  1. M.c. cause of primary cutaneous aspergillosis is aspergillus flavus.
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2
Q
  1. The most common eumycotic organism in the US produces which color grains in its microcolony?
A
  1. The most common cause of fungal (eumycotic) eumycetoma in the US is Pseudallescheria boydii. Produces white grains. Sexual state=Pseudallescheria boydii; Scedosporium apiospermum=asexual.
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3
Q
  1. Which fungus? Septate hyphae with 90° branching and thick walled barrel shaped retangular arthroconidia alternating with empty cells.
A
  1. Septate hyphae with 90° branching and thick walled barrel shaped arthroconidia: coccidiodomycosis.
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4
Q
  1. What cutaneous manifestation is associated with a good prognosis in coccidiomycosis?
A
  1. Erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme are associated with a good prognosis in coccidiomycosis and histoplasmosis.
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5
Q
  1. Which organisms in AIDS patients can produce molluscum-like lesions?
A
  1. Can produce molluscum-like lesions in AIDS patients: CCHP Crypto, Coccidio, Histo, Penicillium.
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6
Q
  1. Name three dematiaceous fungi?
A
  1. Alternaria sp., Bipolaris sp., Exophiala sp. Dematiaceous/phaeohyphomycosis.
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7
Q
  1. A blood culture from a neutropenic patient with onychomycosis most likely grew out which fungal organism?
A
  1. Fusarium is one of the few molds, which yield positive blood cultures; Neutropenia is a risk factor.
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8
Q
  1. Name the three types of mycetoma?
A
  1. Three types of mycetoma: eumycotic (true fungal), actinomycotic (filamentous organisms) and botryomycotic (bacterial infections).
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9
Q
  1. Which actinomycotic organism has red grains?
A
  1. Actinomadura pelletieri- red.
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10
Q
  1. Nondermatophytes growing on Dermatophyte Test Media cause the media to turn what color?
A
  1. Nondermatophytes cause the media to turn yellow due to acid by-products. Dermatophytes turn it red.
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11
Q
  1. A horticulturist of sphagnum moss topiaries comes in with a nodular eruption with lymphangitic spread and treatment with oral potassium iodide is initiated. What is the most well recognized side effect of this treatment?
A
  1. Gastrointestinal distress. Beware Wolff-Chaikoff effect (hypothyroidism).
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12
Q
  1. Endemic to the Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi River Valleys where the bird and bat droppings in the soil contain this fungus?
A
  1. Histoplasmosis. In parasitized macrophage differential.
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13
Q
  1. Diabetic patient complaining of a swollen tender right cheek. The PAS biopsy demonstrated ring forms and distorted wide hyphae with few septations and right angle branching. The diagnosis is?
A
  1. Diabetes is a risk factor for Mucormycosis, ring forms in biopsy are the x-section of the wide sparsely septate hyphae.
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14
Q
  1. This organism is an algae, not a fungus. It stains with PAS and GMS and produces spherules in tissue. This organism is?
A
  1. Prototheca wickerhami.
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15
Q
  1. A patient has a verrucous lesion of the nasal mucosa; the biopsy showed spherules ranging in size from 200 to 325 um. The mature endospores have a rough appearance. What is the diagnosis?
A
  1. Rhinosporidiosis. Aquatic protozoan. Other organisms that produce spherules are Prototheca (8-20 um) and Coccidioides immitis (10-80 um).
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16
Q
  1. Penicillium marneffei is an infection endemic to which part of the world?
A
  1. Penicillium marneffei is endemic to SE Asia. Bamboo rats may be reservoir.
17
Q
  1. Medlar bodies are diagnostic of infection with which organism?
A
  1. Chromomycosis. “copper pennies” or Medlar bodies. Seen with the dematiaceous fungi: Fonsecaea pedrosoi (most common, 90%), Fonsecaea compacta, Fonsecaea monophora, Phialophora verrucosa, Cladophialophora carrionii, Rhinocladiella aquaspera.
18
Q
  1. The lymphocutaneous (regional lymphangitic) form of sporotrichosis is seen in which individuals?
A
  1. Naive individuals who have never been exposed to fungus.
19
Q
  1. Name five causes of the splendore-hoppli phenomenon.
A
  1. Actinomycosis, Mycetoma, Sarcoid, Botromycosis, Sporotrichosis.
20
Q
  1. What color are the grains for nocardia (asteroides), a cause of actinomycetoma/mycetoma?
A
  1. White grains. Nocardia (asteroides) – white grains, Nocardia (brasiliensis) – white grains, Nocardia (caviae) – yellow-white grains.
21
Q
  1. Cause of Keloidal Blastomycosis?
A
  1. Locazia loboi. Lobomycosis. Affects humans and dolphins.
22
Q
  1. DDX of parasitized marcrophages?
A
  1. Histoplasmosis- H.capsulatum, Penicilliosis- P. marneffei, Granuloma inguinale- Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, Rhinoscleroma- Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, Leishmaniasis- Leishmania spp.
23
Q
  1. What is the most common site for dissemination in north American blastomycosis?
A
  1. Skin is most common site for dissemination (80%). Chronic, slowly progressive, verrucous, granulomatous, thick crusts, and warty vegetations. Central involution with white scar formation. Broad based budding yeast.
24
Q
  1. Cause of South American Blastomycosis?
A
  1. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Remember the striking Mucocutaneous variant. Thick-walled organisms with multiple narrow-based buds may be seen (mariner’s wheel).
25
Q
  1. 2nd only to candidiasis in opportunistic infection of patients with hematologic neoplasia. Vasculotropic/angiovasive. What is the organism?
A
  1. Aspergillosis. 45° branching, septate hyphae.
26
Q
  1. Name the three pathogenic molds that cause Mucormycosis?
A
  1. Include: Rhizopus, Absidia , Mucor (“RAM”). Characterized by invasion of large blood vessels and nerves. Remember diabetic patients with rhinocerebral,
27
Q
  1. AIDS patient who encountered pigeon droppings with molluscum contagiosum-like lesions. Organism?
A
  1. Cryptococcosis. Cryptococcus neoformans. CNS and skin most common places to disseminate.
28
Q
  1. Disseminated candidiasis in patient with leukemia. Most likely type of candida?
A
  1. C. tropicalis.
29
Q
  1. Most common cause of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis?
A
  1. Exophiala jeanselmei.
30
Q
  1. Most common cause of disseminated phaeohyphomycosis?
A
  1. Bipolaris specifera.
31
Q
  1. Opportunistic pathogen that is the most common fungus in burn patients?
A
  1. Fusarium. Sickle-shaped, multiseptate macroconidia.
32
Q
  1. Olecranon bursitis in otherwise healthy individuals caused by which organism (algae)?
A
  1. Protothecosis (Prototheca wickerhamii or Prototheca zopfi). ganism (algae)?

Andrews/Bolognia Review questions (9 decks)

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