07 Retina

Question 1

Slide 17

Name the different types of bipolar cells (majority)

Answer 1

• diffuse
• midget
• S cone
• rod

Question 2

Slide 17/22

True or false. There are two types of midget bipolar cells responding to a single cone either the on cell or off cell. They are located mostly in the fovea.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Slide 18

.____ bipolar cells might get input from 30-50 ____. This is why night vision is blurry.

A. Rod/rods
B. Midget/rods
C. S cone/rods
D. Rod/ midget

Answer 3

A. Rod/Rods

Question 4

Slide 20

True or False. Midget bipolar cells are intermediate cells that modulate ganglion cells.

Answer 4

False: Amacrine bipolar cells

Question 5

Slide 20

What is the most common amacrine cell?

Answer 5

Starburst Amacrine cell

Question 6

Slide 21

Blue-yellow ganglion cells distinguish different _____

A. shapes
B. wavelengths
C. Visual details

Answer 6

B. wavelengths

Question 7

Slide 21

\_\_\_\_ ganglion cells get input from L and M cones in order to distinguish shape and luminance 
A. Parasol 
B. Midget
C. Blue-Yellow
D. Biplexiform

Answer 7

A. Parasol

Question 8

Slide 7

True or false. More glutamate is released in the dark

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Slide 7

True or false. The disks in rods regenerate and are replaced by outer segment cells.

Answer 9

False, they are replace by inner segment cells

Question 10

Slide 8

True or false. The fovea centralis has the highest number of cones.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Slide 9

4. There are _______ as many rods as cones.
   a. 5-10 times
   b. 15-20 times
   c. 30-40 times
   d. 50-60 times

Answer 11

b. 15-20 times

Question 12

Slide 7

5. The __________________ catches the photons.
   a. Synaptic terminal
   b. Outer segment
   c. Inner segment
   d. Bipolar cells

Answer 12

b. Outer segment

Question 13

Slide 10

6. True or false. Primates have two cone types but mammals have three.

Answer 13

False: primates have three cone types but most mammals have only two

Question 14

Sldie 11

True or false. There are mechanisms to neutralize signals of L/M cone ratios

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Slide 12

What do cone pedicles couple responses through?

Answer 15

Gap junctions

Question 16

Slide 13

True or false. Horizontal cells are mostly inhibitory.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Slide 13

Horizontal Cells sample activation from _____________

Answer 17

A broad area

Question 18

Slide 14

What are the two types of horizontal cells?

Answer 18

HI and HII

Question 19

Slide 14

HI cells connect to _____________

Answer 19

Rods, L and M cones

Question 20

Slide 15

True or false. HI cells have short arbors.

Answer 20

False, HI cells have long arbors

Question 21

Slide 16

What do HII cells connect to?

Answer 21

S, L and M cones

Question 22

slide 2

Light penetrates through which section of the retina first?

a) Ganglion cell layer
b) Inner synaptic layer
c) Inner limiting membrane
d) Inner nuclear layer

Answer 22

c) Inner limiting membrane

Question 23

Slide 2

Photoreceptors are found in which part of the retina?

Answer 23

Outer segment

Question 24

Slide 2

The retina has __________________ sections. Those sections are made of __________________cell layers and __________________ intermediate layers.

a) 5, 2, 3 intermediate layers
b) 5, 3, 2 intermediate layers
c) 5, 3, 3 intermediate layers
d) 5, 4, 3 intermediate layers

Answer 24

a) 5, 2, 3 intermediate layers

Question 25

Slide 3 True or false: Rods and cones in outer plexiform layer synapse with horizontal cells.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Slide 4 True or false: photoreceptors respond to light by graded potential and not action potentials

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Slide 5 What are the 4 most common ganglion cells in the eye? a) Large bodied cells, midget cells, stratified cells, parasol cells b) Midget cells, horizontal cells, parasol cells, amacrine cells c) parasol cells, bipolar cells, small bodied inner cells, amacrine cells d) Parasol cells, midget cells, bistratified cell, small bodied inner cells

Answer 27

d) Parasol cells, midget cells, bistratified cell, small bodied inner cells

Question 28

Slide 5 Which type of ganglion cell codes for color? a) Parasol cells b) Midget cells c) bistratified cell d) Small bodied inner cells

Answer 28

b) Midget cells

Question 29

Slide 6 True or false: We have approximately 20 times more cones than rods

Answer 29

False