09/05/22 Flashcards by Ella Weir

Calcium binds to what in the troponin complex

Troponin C

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vasodilation or constriction to fix a sudden decr in perfusion?

Vasodilation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What increases cerebral blood flow?

Incr partial press of CO2

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Adenosine action

A2, vasodilates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Coronary arteries et most blood…

Diastole

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How is baroreceptor info conveyed to brain?

Carotid sinus, CN IX, finite pressure range

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Valves closed in isovol contraction

All of them

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“An increase in end-diastolic volume leads to a subsequent increase in stroke volume”

what law does this describe?

Frank starling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intercalated discs?

Join myocytes together, allow elec transmission

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why give saline in haemorrhage?

Decr haemoglobin conc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cholera mechanisms

Reversal of the concentration gradient of ions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Macrocytic anaemia destroys wich cells of stomach….

Parietal (they synth intrinsic which is necessary for b12 abs)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brunner’s gland location

Submucosa of DD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which cells of the intestinal crypts contain digestive enzymes?

Enterocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are ras mutations?

Gain of function, driver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Damage to ext anal sphincter can damage what physio process..

Somatic/voluntary activation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Saliva producing cranial nerves…

Facial, glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sickle cell causes jaundice via…

Excessive haemolysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pharyngeal arches give rise to…

Head and neck

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Round of branching for full resp tree

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which organ rotates in emryonic dev?

STomach, 90deg to left

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Central diaphragm tendon formed by…..

Septum transversum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Endoderm forms which gut layer..

Epitthelium

lungs, liver, panc, gallbladder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Canalicular stage…

Forms resp bronchioles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which way does midgut rotate in development?

Anti-clockwise

Important side effect of aspirin (NSAID)

Abdo pain from gastric ulcers

Steroid withdrawa can cause which disease that can be treated with hydrocortisone?

Addisonian crisis

What to investugate for in heparin induced thrombocytopenia?

Anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4) antibodies

Drug reducing alc cravings

Acamprosate

What meds interact w warfarin?

Macrolide antibiotics (warf is metabolised by liver p450 enzymes)

Don't use isaphagula in which patients?

Frail, elderly, chronic constip

Effect on blood from a2

Platelet aggregation

Features of malignant hyperthermia

Musc contracture, acidosis, incr meta, dramatic incr in temp

Methotrexate is co-prescribed with what else?

folic acid

Donezipil can cause what heart issue?

Heart block (treat w external pacing)

Common comp of MI in terms of murmurs

Pan-systolic

First line `HT drug over 55

Ca blocker (amlodipine)

Paroxysmal AF treatment

Oral flecainide or sotalol

When to choose ICD?

Poor left vent ej fraction (e.g. HF) w maximum meds and good QoL Prev episodes of VF/VT

Mobitz 2

Heart skips a beat

If HF patient is on max meds but can't tolerate spironolacone anymore...

Hydralazine/nitrate (esp in AAs)

Leads 1-3 and aVF changes?

inferior leads

Changes in v1-3?

posterior

leads v1-6, aVL?

LAD

Important to remember in dischareging new asthmatics

Review technique and compliance

PCO2 in life threatening asthma?

Normal | initially low in acute mod severe due to hypervent

Investigation for mycoplasma

PCR

First lines for PE

Haem stable/no HT - anticoag e.g. rivaroxaban oral | Haem unstable - thrombolysis e.g. IV alteplase

Pneumonia assoc w herpes/mouth ulcers

Strep

Which enzye decr metabolism of warfarin and incr INR?

Isoniazid (hep enzyme inhib)

First line for variceal bleeding

variceal band ligation (VBL)

Upper GI bleeding assoc w cirrhosis?

Most likely infection - IV antibios

First line inv for hemochromatosis

Transferrin sats

First line inv for coeliac

total IgA plus IgA tTG

Typhoid features

Diarrhoea etc in early stages Fever, heacahe, cough, anorexia, sore throat ROSE SPOTS

Coeliac can cause what systemic issue requiring DEXA scan?

Reduced bone mineral density

Enzyme causing ulcers in ZE?

Gastrin

Peptic ulcers resistant to H pylori eradication?

ZE syndrome

Frist line for remission in Crohn's flare not on any meds?

Corticosteroids e.g. prednisolone

When to use azathioprine in Crohn's?

Induce remission if insufficient response to glucocorticoids

Why condition can campylobacter cause?

Guillain-barre

How do bacteria bcome resistnat by altering their membr?

Mutations leading to downregulation of porin genes, causing fewer porins to be inserted in the outer membrane, preventing antibiotics from travelling through the lipid bilayer

G6PD haemolytic anaemia mode of inheritance

X-linked recessive

Features of chlamydia trachomatis

Watery eyes, reduced vision, white lumps, entropion

Diff blood type mutation

Epistasis

Most common cause of trisomy 21

Non-dysjunction

Western blotting can differentiate...

Normal/mutated DNA