091714 adnexal structures

Question 1

infundibulum

Answer 1

from sebaceous gland to top of epidermis

Question 2

isthmus

Answer 2

from top of erector pili muscle to top of sebaceous gland

Question 3

inferior segment of hair

Answer 3

from bottom of hair to erector pili muscle

Question 4

what contains rapidly dividing cells in the hair?

Answer 4

matrix

Question 5

what are the type of pilosebaceous units?

Answer 5

lanugo (fetal)
vellus (fine)
terminal (coarse)

Question 6

how do sebaceous glands produce sebum (through what kind of secretion)?

Answer 6

holocrine secretion

Question 7

when is hair shed (what phase)?

Answer 7

telogen phase

Question 8

telogen effluvium

Answer 8

stressor results in greater proportion of hair follicles entering telogen phase

occurs about 3 months after event

Question 9

alopecia areata

Answer 9

autoimmune condition
smooth patches of complete alopecia

nail pits (indentations in nail plate) may occur

Question 10

how is alopecia areata different from tinea capitis?

Answer 10

no scaling in alopecia areata

Question 11

eccrine sweat glands

Answer 11

palms and soles

Question 12

what are eccrine sweat glands innervated by

Answer 12

sympathetic fibers

Question 13

apocrine sweat glands

Answer 13

sweaty and smelly

in axillae, anogenital, periumbilical, areolae, border of lips

Question 14

strcture of eccrine sweat gland

Answer 14

goes directly to surface of skin (the duct)

Question 15

structure of apocrine sweat gland

Answer 15

inserts into hair follicle

Question 16

fxn of apocrine sweat glands

Answer 16

unclear

Question 17

fxn of eccrine sweat glands

Answer 17

thermoregulation
maintenance of electrolyte balance
maintenance of moist stratum corneum to facilitate tactile skills

Question 18

what are the disorders of the pilosebaceous unit

Answer 18

acne vulgaris
acne rosacea
tinea versicolor

Question 19

comedo formation

Answer 19

plugging of hair follicles

Question 20

what causes an inflam response in acne vulgaris?

Answer 20

when the plugged follicles (comedo formation) rupture, causing inflam to the extruded keratin and sebum

Question 21

what role does Propionibacterium acnes play in acne vulgaris

Answer 21

found deep within the follicle and releases enzymes that promote follicular rupture

also stimulates release of proinflammatory mediators leading to neutrophil recruitment and Th1 responses

Question 22

how do hair follicles get plugged in acne vulgaris

Answer 22

increase in sebum production in como w increased production and impaired shedding of corneocytes linint the upper portion of hair follicle–lead to comedo formation

Question 23

comedones are characteristic lesions in what kind of acne

Answer 23

non inflammatory acne

Question 24

comedones can be

Answer 24

closed (white heads) or open (blackheads)

Question 25

how does inflammatory acne differ from non inflam?

Answer 25

inflam also has comedones, but the inflammatory lesions vary depending on type of inflam response

Question 26

how is inflam acne diff from non inflam acne appearance wise

Answer 26

inflam acne is larger and discolored | can have pustules, cysts, nodules

Question 27

how do retinoids work for acne vulgaris

Answer 27

topical agent normalize follicular keratinization expulsion of existing keratinaceous plugs prevention of formation of new lesions

Question 28

how does benzoyl peroxide work for acne vulgaris

Answer 28

topical agent-it has antibacterial effects and also anti-inflam properties

Question 29

are tetracyclines antiinflam?

Answer 29

yes, they decrease proinflammatory mediators

Question 30

side effect of doxycycline

Answer 30

pill esophagitis, photosensitivity

Question 31

MOA of oral contraceptives

Answer 31

systemic agent for treating acne vulgaris blocks production of androgens

Question 32

indications for isotretinoin

Answer 32

severe nodulocystic acne scarring recalcitrant to systemic antibiotics or topicals good thing is: many pts who complete a course of this don't get acne again

Question 33

acne rosacea

Answer 33

pathogenesis is multifactorial-related to hyperreactivity easy blushing lacks comedones