1-10 Mod 3

Question 1

Innate Immunity

Answer 1

Also called natural immunity, the first line of defense. In place before infection takes place and happens immediately. Comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defense.

Question 2

How does skin act as a physical barrier

Answer 2

Closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously shed. Keratin covers skin that treats salty acidic environment that is inhospitable to microbes. Contains anti microbial proteins and lysosomes that inhibit microorganisms.

Question 3

What cells are involved in innate immunity

Answer 3

Neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), Natural Killer cells (NK), intraepithelial lymphocytes.

Question 4

Each type of leukocyte and function

Answer 4

• Neutrophils are most abundant and early responder in innate immunity, uses phagocytosis to kill microbes.
• Eosinophils are active in parasitic infections and allergic responses.
• Basophils release histamine and proteolytic enzymes.
• Monocytes are largest in size and get released from bone marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells where they engage in inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances.
• Macrophages have a long life span, reside in tissue, and first phagocyte that organisms encounter.
• Neutrophils and macrophages work together on behalf of hosts defense system.

Question 5

Adaptive immunity

Answer 5

• Acquired immunity is the second line of defense.
• Includes humoral and cellular mechanisms that respond to cell specific antigens.
• Acquired through previous exposure to infections and other agents.
• distinguish self from non self and recognize and destroy foreign agents based on antigen properties.
• this response takes more time but is very effective.

Question 6

Antigens

Answer 6

-Antigens are present on the surface of pathogens or other foreign substances that elicit the adaptive immune response.

Question 7

Primary cells of Adaptive Immunity

Answer 7

• Lymphocytes
• APCs (antigen presenting cells)
• Effector cells

Question 8

B and T Lymphocytes and their role in immunity

Answer 8

• B lymphocytes produce antibodies (humoral Immunity)
• T lymphocytes provide cell mediated immunity
• B and T lymphocytes are the only cells to recognize specific antigens present on the surface of pathogens and remember them for the future.

Question 9

Function of Humoral Immunity

Answer 9

-B lymphocytes function in humoral immunity tp produce antibodies

Question 10

Function of cellular Immunity

Answer 10

• T lymphocytes make up cellular Immunity and active other T and B cells
• Control Intracellular viral infections
• Reject foreign tissue Grafts
• Activate Autoimmune processes
• Activate delayed Hypersensitivity