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Human Structure and Function 2 > 1 (16) Hormones > Flashcards

1 (16) Hormones Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Where is ADH produced?

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

What is the effect of ADH?

A

more water is reabsorbed into the body and less urine is formed

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3
Q

What is the target of ADH?

A

kidneys

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4
Q

How is ADH regulated?

A

blood volume or the concentration of water in the blood

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5
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A

hypothalamus

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6
Q

What is the effect of oxytocin?

A

stimulates contraction of uterus during labor and milk “let down” or ejection from alveoli into ducts

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7
Q

What is the target of oxytocin?

A

mammary alveoli

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8
Q

How is oxytocin regulated?

A

positive-feedback mechanism where release of the hormone causes an action that stimulates more of its own release

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9
Q

Where is growth hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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10
Q

What is the effect of growth hormone?

A

growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone

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11
Q

What is the target of growth hormone?

A

thymus gland

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12
Q

How is growth hormone regulated?

A

growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone-inhibitory hormone

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13
Q

Where is prolactin produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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14
Q

What is the effect of prolactin?

A

responsible for breast development during pregnancy

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15
Q

What is the target of prolactin?

A

mammary gland

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16
Q

How is prolactin regulated?

A

dopamine (decreases) and estrogen (increases)

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17
Q

Where is thyroid stimulating hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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18
Q

What is the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

stimulates thyroid gland to produce its hormones

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19
Q

What is the target of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

thyroid gland

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20
Q

How is thyroid stimulating hormone regulated?

A

negative-feedback of thyroid hormones

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21
Q

Where is adrenocorticotropic hormone produced?

A

anterior pituitary

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22
Q

What is the effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

causes adrenal cortex to produce larger amounts of its hormones, especially cortisol

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23
Q

What is the target of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

adrenal cortex

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24
Q

How is adrenocorticotropic hormone regulated?

A

glucocorticoid feedback

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25
Where is melanocyte stimulating hormone produced?
intermediate lobe of the pituitary
26
What is the effect of melanocyte stimulating hormone?
protecting the skin from UV rays, development of pigmentation and control of appetite
27
What is the target of melanocyte stimulating hormone?
skin
28
How is melanocyte stimulating hormone regulated?
exposure to UV light
29
Where is follicle stimulating hormone produced?
anterior pituitary
30
What is the target of follicle stimulating hormone?
gonads
31
Where is luteinizing hormone produced?
anterior pituitary
32
What is the target of luteinizing hormone?
gonads
33
Where is T4 and T3 produced?
thyroid gland
34
What is the effect of T4 and T3?
controls basal metabolic rate, regulates tissue growth and development, reactivity of nervous system
35
What is the target of T4 and T3?
virtually every cell in the body
36
How is T4 and T3 regulated?
thyroid stimulating hormone
37
Where is calcitonin produced?
thyroid gland
38
What is the effect of calcitonin?
inhibits osteoclasts and accelerates the uptake of Ca2+ and P into bones; increases loss of these minerals in urine
39
What is the target of calcitonin?
bones
40
How is calcitonin regulated?
hight levels of calcium in the blood
41
Where is parathyroid hormone produced?
parathyroid gland
42
What is the effect of parathyroid hormone?
increases osteoclast activity so Ca2+ and P are released into the blood; stimulates kidneys to release more Ca2+ and secrete more P
43
What is the target of parathyroid hormone?
bones and kidneys
44
How is parathyroid hormone regulated?
low levels of calcium in the blood
45
Where is aldosterone produced?
adrenal cortex
46
What is the effect of aldosterone?
increases absorption of Na+ and water and increase the secretion of K+ in the urine
47
What is the target of aldosterone?
kidneys
48
How is aldosterone regulated?
K+ levels in the blood and by renin-angiotensin aldosterone pathways
49
Where is cortisol produced?
adrenal cortex
50
What is the effect of cortisol?
promotes breakdown of fat and protein, lipolysis, gluconeogenesis, promotes stress resistance, and inhibits the immune response
51
What is the target of cortisol?
most body cells
52
How is cortisol regulated?
ACTH
53
Where is glucagon produced?
islet cells in pancreas
54
What is the effect of glucagon?
increases blood glucose
55
What is the target of glucagon?
liver and adipose tissue
56
How is glucagon regulated?
low blood glucose levels, sympathetic nervous system
57
Where is insulin produced?
islet cells in pancreas
58
What is the effect of insulin?
decreases blood glucose
59
What is the target of insulin?
most cells in body
60
How is insulin regulated?
increased blood glucose, PSNS
61
Where is melatonin produced?
pineal gland
62
What is the effect of melatonin?
diurnal cycles, possible anti-aging, production of antioxidants
63
What is the target of melatonin?
not known well
64
How is melatonin regulated?
input from visual pathways concerning visual intensity of light
65
Where is atrial natriuretic peptide produced?
right atrium of heart
66
What is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide?
Na+ and water to be excreted into the urine
67
What is the target of atrial natriuretic peptide?
veins
68
How is atrial natriuretic peptide regulated?
central venous pressure

Human Structure and Function 2 (13 decks)

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