1

Question 0

Scientist first hypothesized that medical personnel can infect patients with pathogens

Answer 0

Semmelweis

Question 1

Scientist who first described MOs such as bacteria

Answer 1

Leeuwenhoek

Question 2

Who first promulgated the theory of abiogenesis?

Answer 2

Aristotle

Question 3

Leeuwenhoek described MOs as?

Answer 3

Animalcules

Question 4

He developed smallpox inmunization

Answer 4

Edward Jenner

Question 5

Use of magic bullet-cpd.target only Mo causing the disease no harm to the host

Answer 5

Paul Ehrlich

Question 6

Father of Aseptic Surgery

Answer 6

Joseph Lister

Question 7

Favored the theory of spontaneous generation

Answer 7

John Needham

Question 8

Bacteria is a eukaryotic

Answer 8

False

Question 9

Describe a spherical bactrium

Answer 9

Coccus

Question 10

Movement of bacterium towards a chemical attractant and away from a repellents

Answer 10

Chemotaxis

Question 11

70S prokaryotic ribosomes consist of

Answer 11

50S & 30S subunit

Question 12

Specialized bacterial organelle responsible for the ability of bacteria to neutralize the effects of certain antibiotics

Answer 12

Plasmid-small circular DNA

Question 13

Capsules and slime layers are used for growth

Answer 13

False
They can prevent desiccation of bacterial cells
They consist of secreted material external to the bacterial cell wall
They help bacteria resist phagocytosis by macrophages

Question 14

A bacterium with a single flagellum at each end

Answer 14

Amphitrichous

Question 15

Mitochondrion is the site of

Answer 15

Energy production

Question 16

Ability of microorganism to cause a disease

Answer 16

Pathogenecity

Pathogenesis-step by step in development of disease
Virulence-degree of pathogenecity

Question 17

Cell walls of bacteria are composed of peptidoglycan

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Gram positive cells have multiple layers of peptidoglycan that help retain the crystal violet

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Cellular structure important in classifying bacterial species as gram positive or gram negative

Answer 19

Cell wall

Question 20

Endospores are dormant,resistant cells

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Long filamentous,whip-like appendages on the bacterial cell used for locomotion

Answer 21

Flagella

Question 22

Virulence factor of bacteria which inhibit phagocytosis

Answer 22

Capsule

Question 23

Poly-D-glutamic acid is a capsular component of

Answer 23

Bacillus anthracis-causative agent of anthrax

Question 24

Process od endospore formation

Answer 24

Sporulation

Question 25

Unique component of bacterial endospore which serves as protection from environmental damage

Answer 25

Calcium Dipicolinate

Question 26

Found in the cell walls of gram positive but not in gram negative

Answer 26

Teichoic acid Lipopolysaccharide- gram neg. Peptidoglycan & cytoplasmic membrane- gram neg.&pos.

Question 27

Which is correct A. E.coli with crystal violet followed by tx of acetone B. Chlamydia with gram stain C. Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF with Ziehl-Neelsen stain D. Fungi with KOH

Answer 27

D

Question 28

Which is/are differential stains? Gram stain Ziehl-Neelsen stain Schaefer-Fulton stain

Answer 28

Gram abd Ziehl-Neelsen

Question 29

Primary stain in Gam staining

Answer 29

Crystal violet 2-iodine; mordant 3-ethanol; decolorize 4-safranin; counter stain

Question 30

``` Which one is not a gram positive? A. E.coli B. Staph.aureus C. Strep.pyogenes D. Bacillus antracis ```

Answer 30

A

Question 31

Inner cytoplasmic membrane,thin peptidoglycan layer, and outer cytoplasmic membrane with LPs can be found in

Answer 31

Gram negative cells

Question 32

Used to visualize capsules

Answer 32

India ink stain | Quellung reaction

Question 33

Glycocalyx that is loosely attached to bacterial cell

Answer 33

Slime layer Capsules-firmly attached

Question 34

In flagella stain, this dye is used to make flagella more visible in light microscope

Answer 34

Tannic acid

Question 35

At the end of acid-fast staining procedure, non-acid fast bacilli will appear:

Answer 35

Blue Red-acid fast

Question 36

In this staining procedure, heat is used to drive malachite green into the bacterial endospore:

Answer 36

Schaeffer-Fulton

Question 37

Koch's bacillus

Answer 37

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 38

Use of agar was suggested by?

Answer 38

Frannie hess

Question 39

Discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis

Answer 39

Elie metchnikoff

Question 40

Ribosomes od Candida albicans are referred to as

Answer 40

80S

Question 41

Rod-shaped bacilli that are curved to form commas

Answer 41

Vibrios

Question 42

Process by which bacterial endospore return to its vegetative state

Answer 42

Sporulation

Question 43

MO that live on dead or decaying organic matter

Answer 43

Saprophytes

Question 44

Responsible for attachment of donor and recipient cells during conjugation

Answer 44

Pili

Question 45

Condensed,well-defined,polysaccharide layer closely surrounding the cell

Answer 45

Capsule

Question 46

Endotoxin of gram negative bacteria

Answer 46

Lipid A

Question 47

Treponema pallidum,causative agent of syphilis, cannot be visualized using light microscopy because:

Answer 47

It has diameter of <0.2 um

Question 48

In fluorescence microscopy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be detected by

Answer 48

Auramine O

Question 49

``` Which of the following cell structures is not part of a bacterial cell envelope? A. Peptidoglycan B. Gas vacuole C. Lipopolysaccharide D. Teichoic acids ```

Answer 49

B

Question 50

Dye used is negative staining

Answer 50

Safranin

Question 51

Introduced fermentation,aerobic,anaerobic

Answer 51

Louis Pasteur

Question 52

Acid fast rod against a blue Ziehl-Neelsen stained smear indicates presence of

Answer 52

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 53

``` All of the following are true regarding agar except A. Liquefies at 100•C B. Polysaccharide derived from red algae C. Solidifies at approximately 40•C D. Metabolized by many bacteria ```

Answer 53

D

Question 54

Organisms that can manufacture their own food using light as energy source

Answer 54

Phototrophs

Question 55

Process involves the anaerobic decomposition of proteins by bacterial enzymes

Answer 55

Putrefaction

Question 56

Grow best at 0-20•C

Answer 56

Psychrophiles Halophiles- high salt conc Thermophiles- 50-60 Capnophiles- with CO2

Question 57

Organism has an optimal growth rate when the hydrogen ion concentration is very high

Answer 57

Acidophile

Question 58

Organism that utilizes oxygen when present or grows without oxygen if absent

Answer 58

Facultative anaerobe

Question 59

Organism that is killed by oxygen

Answer 59

Obligate anaerobe