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1-5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain the different types of employment settings for sonographers and which setting employs the most sonographer

A

Physician offices, medical offices, mobile services, hospitals(most)

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2
Q

Why do you list professional organizations on your resume?

A

It shows dedication to the profession

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3
Q

What types of attire is appropriate for a job interview?

A

suit/dress

Men could wear a jacket and tie, women can wear a conservative dress, a blazer with a skirt, a blazer with a pair of dress pants. Dress simply and conservatively, wearing shoes that are clean, polished, and in good repair.

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4
Q

What type of behavior should you exhibit at a job interview?

A

Ask questions, shake hands, discuss goals

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5
Q

What is the continuing education requirement for ARDMS?

A

30 CME’s every 3 years

To maintain registries, need to obtain the minimum number required continuing medical education credits (CME)

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6
Q

List the specialty credentials you can obtain from ARDMS.

A

obgyn, breast, cardiac, vascular

Abdomen, Breast, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fetal Echocardiography, Pediatric

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7
Q

How long does it take for a first impression to form at an interview?

A

First impression made within the first 30 seconds

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8
Q

What information do you include on your resume?

A

foreign language ability, contact info, and skills

Prior employment history should be listed at bottom of page, experience such as hours of clinical experience you have logged and or give an estimate of the number of patients you have scanned, the types of scans you have performed, also can list the different types of ultrasound equipment, PACS or electronic medical records systems that you have used. Can also include objectives and goals

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9
Q

Explain the different ways employment history can be listed on a resume.

A

chronological*, functional

Chorologic resumes list past employment in reverse chronologic order and is best for those who have previous experience in the field. Functional resumes highlight someone’s abilities rather than work history and work best for people just entering the workforce, such as students

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10
Q

What does tissue harmonic imaging do?

A

Gives you better image resolution

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11
Q

What does doppler ultrasound allow you to do?

A

Doppler(color)/ assess (color) characteristics of blood flow

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12
Q

What is HIPAA?

A

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (to protect patient medical records)

1996 established national standards for protection of patient medical information.

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13
Q

What is Ostensible Agency Doctrine and how does it apply to sonographers?

A

legal doctrine based on the premise that the employer or hospital is responsible for sonographer actions

Under this doctrine, a hospital or healthcare facility, even if not the employer, can be held liable for a sonographer’s negligence if the sonographer is a contractor or independent agent

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14
Q

Explain implied consent.

A

patient is unconscious but in need of immediate care

Consent can be implied when an emergency involves a risk to the patient’s life or if the patient is not able to communicate then consent may be implied under the theory that the patient would have consented to an emergency procedure or treatment in the face of a life-threatening situation

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15
Q

What is professional misconduct?

A

Infidelity in professional duties, unreasonable lack of skills, immoral/legal practices

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16
Q

Defamation

A

the action of damaging the good reputation of someone

any communication that holds a person up to contempt, hatred, ridicule, or scorn and mars his or her reputation

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17
Q

Negligence

A

Failure to take care in doing something

defined as performance that falls below the expected standard of care, also is the most common type of unintentional tort. It is doing something that a reasonably prudent person would not do or failing to do something a reasonably prudent person would do under similar circumstances.

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18
Q

Invasion of privacy

A

where an individual or organization knowingly intrudes upon a person

type of intentional tort and it is an intrusion on a person’s right to be left alone

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19
Q

False imprisonment

A

unlawfully depriving a person of their personal liberty

type of intentional tort and it is the illegal detention of a person without his or her consent

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20
Q

Common law

A

a law derived from judicial decisions *most medical malpractice falls here based on custom and usage

is court-made law based on custom and usage

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21
Q

Statutory law

A

state or federally enforced law passed by legislature or governing body

these laws are enacted and enforced by federal or state legislators to help maintain the governmental right to uphold social order and to protect the rights of individuals. Includes rules and regulations established by governmental agencies. Ex: states requiring licensure of sonographers, the regulations formed by the state agency are statutory law

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22
Q

Administrative law

A

body of law that regulates operations/procedures of government agencies

is a form of law made by administrative agencies appointed by the president or governor. These agencies make rules under authority established by acts of the legislature. Ex: OSHA

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23
Q

Constitutional law

A

rights granted by the US constitution

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24
Q

Tort

A

wrongful act or infringement of a persons rights

a wrongful act, other that a breach of contract, for which the law provides a remedy. Torts are divided into two categories: intentional and unintentional

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25
Assault
an attack on a patient is an intentional attempt or threat to inflict injury on a person. This along with an apparent present ability to cause harm, creates a reasonable fear of bodily harm or offensive contact in another
26
Judgmental response
expressing your opinion on what the patient is saying rather than being open and listening telling patients they should not feel angry or afraid or that some people are in worse situations only leaves patients feeling guilty or ashamed for complaining or may cause them to become more upset.
27
Clarifying
making the situation/statement less confusing sonographers should check the statements they heard or the cues they observed to be sure they understand their patients. Patients need to know that their sonographer understands their communication.
28
Supportive
providing encouragement or emotional help
29
Compassion
sympathetic pity and concern for the suffering or misfortune of others
30
Assurance
a positive declaration intended to give confidence or promise
31
Reassurance
the action of removing doubts or fears
32
Avoidance
Keeping away from or not doing something the sonographer should not redirect every patient question to someone else. This signals to the patient that the sonographer cannot or will not answer.
33
Empathy
ability to understand and share feelings of another
34
Critical Thinking
open minded, based on fact, goal directed
35
Nonverbal communication
ways to convey info about emotions, needs, intentions, attitudes, and thoughts without using verbal language consists of eye contact, facial expressions, body language, gestures, posture, tone of voice, and touch. Nonverbal communication accounts for a large percent of our daily communications
36
What is a communication triad?
sonographer, patient, family member/chaperone/interpreter Creative technique that can be effective in solving communication problems. Triad includes three people who agree to work together to promote understanding through communication. Can be effective in employee/employer information exchanges.
37
List some barriers to communication.
Different language, talking too fast, lack of eye contact, using medical terminology (not facing patient possibly) Anything that interferes with the communication process constitutes a barrier. One common barrier is talking too fast, other barriers include using slang, or using medical vocabulary. Talking in broad generalizations also makes it difficult for the receiver to know what the sender is trying to say. Also, language and cultural barriers can impede communication.
38
What are some best practices when communicating with someone who is depressed?
be supportive, remain silent when the patient is silent Sonographers should allow these patients to express their feelings of sorrow and feel sad. Cheerfulness only distracts the patient and cuts off their feelings. The sonographer should be willing to sit quietly and encourage patients to talk about their feelings, and the sonographer should express word of empathy or a simple, caring touch.
39
What are some best practices when communicating with someone who is depressed?
be supportive, remain silent when the patient is silent Sonographers should allow these patients to express their feelings of sorrow and feel sad. Cheerfulness only distracts the patient and cuts off their feelings. The sonographer should be willing to sit quietly and encourage patients to talk about their feelings, and the sonographer should express word of empathy or a simple, caring touch.
40
What information is included in sonographer reports?
Location of normal/abnormal anatomy, measurements, comments of echogenicity, textures, borders etc.
41
What are some of the causes of environmental stress?
Overcrowding, poor ventilation or air quality, improper lighting, improper temperature that is uncomfortable
42
What is the purpose of ergonomics?
Reduce or eliminate WRMSD work-related musculoskeletal disorders
43
How can a sonographer relieve eyestrain?
20-20-20 rule; for every 20 minutes of screentime, look 20 feet away; for at least 20 seconds
44
What movements can cause the following types of pain for sonographers: Shoulder pain
abducting the arm greater that 30 degrees when scanning
45
What movements can cause the following types of pain for sonographers: Hand and wrist
improperly holding or gripping the transducer (txd) too tightly
46
Define De Quervain disease.
Painful inflammation of tendons and the wrist
47
What is the maximum angle in degrees a sonographer should raise the arm consistently?
30 degrees
48
What is a repetitive strain injury?
A WRMSD from consistent repetitive motion over a long period of time
49
How often should a sonographer take a break?
10minutes per 2 hours
50
Explain the correct way to take a pulse and blood pressure.
(Pulse-place 2 fingers over the radial artery in the wrist and feel for pulse, count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2 to get the bpm; never use thumb to feel for pulse; if irregular count for the full minute) (BP- place cuff 1 inch above crease in elbow and located brachial artery, place stethoscope over the artery, pump the cuff to 160 to 180mmHg, slowly release the air to 2-3mmHg/sec), 1st sound is systolic and last sound not heard is diastolic)
51
Where can a pulse be taken at?
The neck over the carotid, temporal region of the head, the thumb side of the wrist (radial)
52
In what order do you write down a blood pressure?
Systolic/diastolic
53
What is the normal respiration rate?
16-20 per minute
54
What considerations do you make when you have to remove dressings over wounds?
Check with nurse prior to removing or replacing dressings, use sterile gel, wrap the probe, gloves, careful when removing not to dislodge scabs
55
What are standard precautions?
Set of guidelines aimed at preventing the spread of harmful microorganisms
56
What is a nosocomial infection?
An infection occurs as a result of treatment in a hospital or in a hospital like setting
57
When is the informed consent form signed by the patient?
After the exam has been explained and any patient questions have been answered
58
What type of sonography procedures require a sterile field?
Amniocentesis, and liver biopsy, and many more
59
List commonly transmitted pathogens in patient care.
HIV, HCV, HBV
60
What type of isolation do you use with a compromised immune system patient?
Reverse isolation
61
What can a sonographer tell the patient about their results?
Nothing, radiologist/ physician relay diagnostic info to patient
62
What patient preparation must occur before an abdominal ultrasound?
NPO 6 to 8 hours prior to exam
63
Which patient position is used for the spleen?
Right later decubitus (RLD)
64
What side of the monitor will the liver be on when scanning on the transverse plane?
Top left
65
Subcoastal plane
transverse on body at the 10th costal margin
66
Pulsed Wave doppler
uses doppler principle that moving objects change the characteristics of sound waves; (specifically blood RBC)
67
Transducer movement-fan
used widely in breast, transducer is minutely swept, pivoting on a point of interest (in breast will be nipple)
68
Reverberation
multiple reflection that occur between the transducer and strong reflector. Reflections are placed beneath the real one at separate intervals which create a ladder effect.
69
Refraction
the sound beam is bent from its original direction as it passes through a boundary between tissues with different sound speeds
70
Mirror Image
occurs when the transmitted pulse and returning echoes reflect off a highly reflective surface and change direction before returning to the transducer
71
Nyquist limit
max frequency before aliasing and range ambiguity occurs NL=½ PRF (pulse repetition frequency)

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