Ch. 23 Sonographers in the Clinical Setting

Question 1

Principles of health care ethics

Answer 1

Respect for autonomy
Nonmaleficence
Beneficence
Justice

Question 2

Respect for autonomy

Answer 2

Means that the patient has the capacity to act intentionally, with understanding, and with free will.
- is the basis of informed consent

Question 3

Nonmaleficence

Answer 3

That we avoid needless harm or injury to the patient, whether by action or inaction.

Question 4

Imposing careless or unreasonable risk of harm on a person is ________________________________

Answer 4

Imposing careless or unreasonable risk of harm on a person is Negligence

Question 5

Beneficence

Answer 5

Benefits the patient, extends from individual patients to entire community.

Question 6

Informed consent

Answer 6

Allows to make an informed, educated, and voluntary decision

Question 7

In order for consent to be valid:

Answer 7

In order for consent to be valid Patient must be competent and consent be voluntary

Question 8

When can a patient withdrawal previous granted consent?

Answer 8

anytime

Question 9

Dignity

Answer 9

Quality of being worthy, honored, or being esteemed.

Question 10

Factors that make a patient vulnerable to loss of dignity include _____________________, ___________________, and _______________________

Answer 10

Factors that make a patient vulnerable to loss of dignity include: Advanced Age, Infirmity, and Lack of Privacy

Question 11

_________________________ is the study of the interaction between the sonographer, patient, and equipment in order to optimize the well-being of the sonographer.

Answer 11

Ergonomics is the study of the interaction between the sonographer, patient, and equipment in order to optimize the well-being of the sonographer.

Question 12

________ out of _________ sonographers experience pain from WRMS injury.

Answer 12

3 out of 4 sonographers experience pain from WRMS injury.

Question 13

Nearly ________ of sonographers end their careers as a result of injury

Answer 13

Nearly 20% of sonographers end their careers as a result of injury.

Question 14

___________ and ____________ work together to reduce and prevent WRMS disorders

Answer 14

OSHA and SDMS Work together to reduce and prevent WRMS disorders

Question 15

Causes for WRMS injuries are:

Answer 15

Repetitive motions, forceful or awkward movements, poor posture, improper positioning, strain, and pressure on joints.

Question 16

Standard precaustions

Answer 16

a set of guidelines to minimize the exposure and risk of healthcare workers when in contact with a patient

Question 17

Which of the following provides the basis for informed consent?
A. notice
B. a contract
C. autonomy
D. beneficence

Answer 17

C. Autonomy. Autonomy is the ability to act intentionally, with understanding. This serves as the foundation for informed consent.

Question 18

Following the revocation of consent, when should a sonographer terminate the exam?

Answer 18

at the first safe opportunity

Question 19

When a family member is translating for the patient who can only give consent?

Answer 19

The patient

Question 20

Which of the following terms is defined by avoidance of unnecessary risk, harm, or needless injury?
A. nonmaleficence
B. beneficence
C. justice
D. Autonomy

Answer 20

A. Nonmaleficence

Question 21

Which of the following terms describes the value that the actions of health care providers should benefit the patient?
A. nonemalficence
B. beneficence
C. justice
D. Autonomy

Answer 21

B. Beneficence

Question 22

Which one of these terms is not associated with informed consent?
A. describing reasonable alternatives
B. the patients acceptance
C. evaluation of the patient’s understanding
D. justice

Answer 22

D. Justice is not associated with informed consent. Justice is a core value of medicine, not one of informed consent.

Question 23

When can a patient revoke consent?
A. prior to the start of the procedure
B. four hours prior to the procedure
C. at any time, even during the procedure
D. never

Answer 23

C. at any time. Although the other answers are correct as well, C is the best choice. A patient can revoke consent at any time.

Question 24

Following the revocation of consent, when should a sonographer terminate the exam?
A. immediately
B. after all the diagnostic information is obtained
C. after the physician is notified
D. at the first opportunity when it is safe

Answer 24

D. at the first opportunity when it is safe.

Question 25

True or False. A patient only communicates in a foreign language. It is acceptable to have a bilingual family member serve as an interpreter, speak to the patient, and obtain consent from the patient.

Answer 25

True. An interpreter may be used to provide effective communication between a patient and health care provider as long as the patient has signed a HIPAA-compliant release form.

Question 26

Which of the following is least likely to make a patient experience a loss of dignity? A. advanced age B. sickness C. lack of privacy D. sedation

Answer 26

D. sedation. Lack of dignity is not associated with sedation.

Question 27

True or False. A sonographer with advanced practitioner status can provide her impression of a study to the patient.

Answer 27

False.

Question 28

Which of the following is the best and most appropriate action of a sonographer? A. hand washing before an exam B. hand washing after an exam C. hand washing before and after an exam D. using sterile technique during the exam

Answer 28

C. hand washing before and after an exam.

Question 29

What is the first action of sonographers upon entering a patient's room? A. introduce themselves to the patient B. plug in the ultrasound system C. check the patient's wristband D. wash their hands

Answer 29

A. It is important to treat patients with respect. Therefore, the first action should be to introduce themselves to the patient.

Question 30

A patient arrives at the ultrasound department. The patient does not have a wristband and is sedated. What should the sonographer do? A. call the nurse B. perform the study C. cancel the study D. reschedule the study

Answer 30

A. call the nurse

Question 31

True or False. Informed consent must always be obtained from the patient.

Answer 31

False. Patients must have the capacity to provide consent. When a patient has a guardian, the guardian can provide the consent to treat.

Question 32

What is the study of the relationship between a worker and her environment called? A. pathology B. psychology C. Ergonomics D. best practices

Answer 32

C. Ergonomics

Question 33

Guidelines to minimize the risk of healthcare workers to contract bloodborne infections have been developed. What are these guidelines called? A. OSHA guidelines B. standard precautions C. beneficence D. best practices

Answer 33

B. standard precautions. Standard precautions are guidelines to reduce the risk of health care workers to bloodborne infection

Question 34

What percentage of sonographers are thought to experience musculoskeletal pain related to work? A. 20% B. 40% C. 60% D. 80%

Answer 34

D. 80% of all sonographers are affected, about 20% will end their career because of MSK problems

Question 35

All of the following can reduce workplace injuries except ____________________. A. patient scheduling B. proper use of equipment C. educational programming D. patient positioning E. none of the above

Answer 35

E. none of the above. All of these choices can reduce the incidence of workplace injury.