1

Question 1

affect the landscape

Answer 1

geology
tectonic processes
glaciation

Question 2

upland areas

Answer 2

hard rock

• igneous
• metamorphic
• (some) sedimentary

Question 3

lowland areas

Answer 3

soft

-sedimentary

Question 4

igneous rock

Answer 4

(resistant)

formed from lavas and deep nagana once molten then cooled and crystallised

Question 5

igneous example

Answer 5

granite

basalt

Question 6

sedimentary

Answer 6

(least resistant)

formed form sediment eroded and deposited

Question 7

sedimentary example

Answer 7

chalk
clay
sandstone

Question 8

metamorphic

Answer 8

sedimentary rocks that were heated and compressed during igneous activity

Question 9

metamorphic examples

Answer 9

slate

marble

Question 10

tees-exe line

Answer 10

separates upland and lowland
north =hard
south =soft

Question 11

yorkshire dales

Answer 11

-limestone on valley
= good building stone 
-rocks and boulders left by rivers of melting glaciers 
-dry stone as field boundaries 
-improve land for farming

Question 12

east anglia

Answer 12

low lying
sands and clays (deposited by glaciers)
produce fertile soil for farming
hedges used for field boundaries

Question 13

discordant coats

Answer 13

strata =right angle to coast
soft rock= eroded
hard rock= stays

Question 14

concordant

Answer 14

strata=parallel to coast
hard rock= small crack
soft rock= eroded lots
hard rock= stops eroding

Question 15

weakness in rock structure

Answer 15

joints

faults

Question 16

joints in rock

Answer 16

small vertical cracks in rocks

Question 17

faults in rock

Answer 17

larger cracks

caused by past tectonic moment where rocks have moved

Question 18

joints in a cliff

Answer 18

• widen to form a cave
• erode into an arch
• collapses to form a stack
• eroded down into a stump

Question 19

causes of waves

Answer 19

wind + friction

- when wind blows across the sea, friction between wind and water causes waves

Question 20

size of waves depends on

Answer 20

• wind strength
• how long wind blows for
• fetch (length of water wind blows over)

Question 21

summer waves:

Answer 21

constructive

Question 22

constructive waves

Answer 22

• small waves
• strong wash
• gentle slope

Question 23

winter waves

Answer 23

destructive

Question 24

destructive

Answer 24

• plunging waves
• taller and closer together
• strong backwash
• create steep beach profile

Question 25

coastal erosion is

Answer 25

the wearing away and breaking down of rocks

Question 26

coast erosion caused by

Answer 26

hydraulic action
abrasion
attrition

Question 27

hydraulic action

Answer 27

water forced into cracks, air blast out, force rock apart

Question 28

abrasion

Answer 28

loose sediment thrown against cliffs and wears away rock off the cliff

Question 29

attrition

Answer 29

loses sediment knocked off the slide and collides with other sediment and gets worn down

Question 30

sediment is transported by

Answer 30

longshire drift

Question 31

longshore drift

Answer 31

waves break at an angle rather than parallel

Question 32

spit

Answer 32

sand from longshore drift is deposited forming a long sandy neck

• recurved end
• salt marches formed

Question 33

plants that grown on sand:

Answer 33

-long roots 
(hold in place from wind)
-tough waxy leaves 
(stop getting sandblasted)
-survive being sprayed by saltwater