2

Question 1

effects of development on coast

HOUSING

Answer 1

• cheaper than london, can commute

- those who seek a place to retire

Question 2

effects of development on coast

OFFICE

Answer 2

• companies move to coast (cheaper than london)

- companies expand

Question 3

effects of agriculture on coast

Answer 3

• price or farmland =risen
• pressure on wildlife
• flooding

Question 4

effect of industry on coast

Answer 4

conflict with tourists

Question 5

rising sea level

prediction 2100

Answer 5

risen by 30cm - 1m

Question 6

sea level changing

Answer 6

• high tides, gravity of moon
• spring tides
• air pressure=low- storm surge

Question 7

higher sea levels

Answer 7

• ‘1 in 50 events’ turns to ‘1 in 20 events’
• beaches spits=erode quicker
• sea defences= useless

Question 8

quick eroding coastline due to:

Answer 8

geology (resistance)
cliff processes (weathering + mass movement)
waves (wave energy and fetch)

Question 9

why cliffs collapse:

Answer 9

1) marine cliff foot processes
2) sub-aerial cliff face processes
3) human actions

Question 10

marine cliff foot processes

Answer 10

Base of the cliff eroded by hydraulic action and abrasion

Question 11

sub-aerial cliff face processes

Answer 11

• weathering weakens cliff
• heavy rain saturates permeable rock at clifftop
• water flows through permeable rock adding weight

Question 12

human actions

Answer 12

-building adds load which ways down cliff

Question 13

hard engineering

Answer 13

using concrete and steel structures to stop waves

expensive and ugly

Question 14

soft engineering

Answer 14

using smaller structures and natural materials

Question 15

sea wall

Answer 15

• reflect waves back out to sea

- prevent easy access

Question 16

bullnose and steps

Answer 16

• steps- dissipates energy

- bullnose- throws waves up and out

Question 17

revetments

Answer 17

• breaks up waves
• restricts access and is ugly
• can be destroyed by storms

Question 18

gabions

Answer 18

• cheap type of sea wall which absorbs wave energy

- not strong

Question 19

rock armour

Answer 19

• easy to build

- dissipates wave energy

Question 20

groynes

Answer 20

• prevents longshore drift
• dissipates wave energy
• increase erosion down shore

Question 21

terminal groyne syndrome

Answer 21

trapping sand in one place which stops it reaching another

Question 22

hollistic coastal management

Answer 22

looking at the coastline as a whole

Question 23

why a place along the coat may not be protected:

Answer 23

• value of land may not justify cost
• building defences could cause erosion somewhere else
• climate change= sea level rise
• might be better for environment

Question 24

hollistic

Answer 24

• needs of different people
• sustainable economic costs and benefits
• environment, land and sea

Question 25

protecting the coast choices=

Answer 25

- hold the line - advance the line - strategic retreat - do nothing

Question 26

hold the line

Answer 26

sea defences to stop erosion | expensive

Question 27

advance the line

Answer 27

sea defences to move coast | expensive

Question 28

strategic retreat

Answer 28

gradually let coast erode and people move away

Question 29

do nothing

Answer 29

take no action at all

Question 30

protecting the coast

Answer 30

- government= too expensive to protect farmland and isolated houses - residents, councils, business=disagree - can’t persuade people who have always lived by coat - planning defences= difficult