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M3 Pharm B3 > 1. Anti-parasitic Drugs - Antiprotozoals Part 1 > Flashcards

1. Anti-parasitic Drugs - Antiprotozoals Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Anti-malarial Agents (3)

A

Chloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine

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2
Q

Anti-amebic (2)

A

Metronidazole

Iodoquinol

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3
Q

Drugs for Trichimoniasis

A

Metronidazole

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4
Q

Drugs for Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

Drugs for Pneumocystosis

A

Trimethoprime + Sulfamethoxazole

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6
Q

Drugs for Leishmaniasis (3)

A

Sodium stibogluconate
Meltifosine
Amphotericin B

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7
Q

Drugs for Trypanosomiasis (3)

A

Nifurtimox - Chaga’s Disease

Suramin - Hemolymphatic stage

Melasoprol - CNS and mucocutaneous

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8
Q

Drugs for Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine

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9
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Falciparum and Side Effects (2)

A

Chloroquine

  1. Severe fever
  2. Parasitized RBC occlude capillaries in brain, kidneys, lungs
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10
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Malariae

A

Chloroquine

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11
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Vivax

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

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12
Q

Malarial Drugs: Plasmodium Ovale and Side effects

A

Chloroquine + Primaquine

Fever, chills, headache, splenomegaly, anemia

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13
Q

Malarial Drugs: Prophylaxis (3)

A

Chloroquine

Mefloquine

Doxycycline

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14
Q

Malarial Drugs: Treatment

A

Chloroquine

Mefloquine

Primaquine

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15
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Areas without resistant P falciparum

A

Cholorquine

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16
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Areas with chloroquine-resistant P falciparum (2)

A

Malarone

Mefloquine

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17
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Areas with multidrug resistant P falciparum

A

Doxycycline

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18
Q

Malarial Drugs for Travel: Alternative for primary prevention (2)

A

Primaquine

Terminal prophylaxis of P vivax and P ovale

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19
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine MOA (2)

A

Prevents the biocrystallization
of hemoglobin to hemozoin

Inhibits parasite’s ability to digest hemoglobin

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20
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine Uses (2)

A

Malaria (kills active erythrocytic phase of all species)

Amebic liver abscess

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21
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine C/I

A

Psoriasis and porphyria

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22
Q

Malarial Drugs: Chloroquine Adverse Effets

A

Pruritis
Blurring of vision
Nausea
Vomiting

Long Term Use: 
Irreversible otoxicity
Retinopathy
Myopathy
Peripheral neuropathy 
Hemolysis (G6PD deficiency)
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23
Q

Malarial Drugs: Artemether MOA

A

Inhibition of parasite calcium ATP

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24
Q

Malarial Drugs: Artemether Uses

A

Complicated M. falciparum

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25
Malarial Drugs: Artemether Adverse Effects (5)
NVD Dizziness Neutropenia Elevate liver enzmyes and allergic reactions
26
Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine MOA
Complexes with DNA to prevent strand separation, blockade of DNA replication and transcription to RNA
27
Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine Uses (2)
Severe M. falciparum | Babesiosis
28
Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine Adverse Effects (4)
Cinchonism- tinnitus, headache, nausea, dizziness, flushing and visual disturbances. Hypersensitivity Hemolysis (G6PD deficient) Blackwater fever
29
Malarial Drugs: Quinine and Quinidine C/I (3)
Visual, auditory, and cardiac problems
30
Malarial Drugs: Mefloquine Uses (2)
Chloroquine resistant malaria Prophylaxis and treatment
31
Malarial Drugs: Mefloquine Adverse Effects (5)
Neuropsychiatric toxicity Depression Psychosis Seizures Cardiac problems
32
Malarial Drugs: Primaquine MOA
Acts as cellular oxidants
33
Malarial Drugs: Primaquine Uses
Eradication of dormant liver forms of P. Vivax P. Ovale Pneumocystis jiroveci
34
Malarial Drugs: Primaquine Adverse Effects
Hemolysis & methemoglobinemia in G6PD defeciency.
35
Malarial Drugs: Atovaquone/proguanil MOA
Disrupting mitochondrial electron transport parasite
36
Malarial Drugs: Atovaquone/proguanil Uses
Prophylaxis and treatment of malaria falciparum and P jiroveci
37
Malarial Drugs: Atovaquone/proguanil Adverse Effects (3)
GI distress Elevate liver enzymes Flue like symptoms
38
Malarial Drugs: Doxycycline MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis
39
Malarial Drugs: Doxycycline Uses (3)
Multidrug resistant malaria P Falciparum Filariasis
40
Malarial Drugs: Primaquine C/I (3)
Granulocytopenia Methemoglobinemia Pregnancy
41
Amebiasis (amebic dysentery)
Entamoeba hystolytica Cysts ingested form water, tropozoites travel to colon
42
Amebiasis (amebic dysentery) Symptoms (5)
Asymptomatic intestinal infection Mild to moderate colitis Severe intestinal infection (dysentery) Ameboma Liver abscess and other extraintestinal infections (anchovy sauce).
43
Amebiasis (amebic dysentery): Drugs for Asymptomatic Intestinal Infection (1)
Iodoquinol
44
Amebiasis (amebic dysentery): Drugs for amebic colitis
Metronidazole + Iodoquinol
45
Amebiasis (amebic dysentery): Extraintestinal infection
Metronidazole/Chloroquine + Iodoquinol
46
Giardiasis: Parasite, Side Effects, and Drug (3)
Giardia lamblia Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea (often seen in campers/hikers) – transmission cysts in water Rx: Metronidazole
47
Trichomonas vaginalis: Defined and Drug
Vaginitis: foul smelling, greenish discharge: itching & burning – transmission – sexual Rx: Metronidazole, and treat partner
48
Metronidazole and Tinidazole MOA
Forms reactive cytotoxic products kills parasite
49
Metronidazole and Tinidazole Uses (2)
Intestinal wall and hepatic abscess, Other extra intestinal amebiasis, Trichomoniasis, Giadiasis, H.pylori, B.fragilis
50
Metronidazole and Tinidazole Adverse Effects (5)
Metallic taste Disulfiram like reaction Headache Paresthesias Dark discoloration of urine
51
Nitazoxanide MOA
Inhibits the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway
52
Nitazoxanide Uses
Metronidazole resistant protozoas and helminthic infection, Amebiasis, H.pylori
53
Iodoquinol Uses
Luminal amebicide
54
Iodoquinol Adverse Effects (3)
Iodine toxicity Thyroid dysfunction Peripheral neuropathy
55
Paromomycin MOA
Inhibits protein synthesis
56
Paromomycin Uses (2)
Luminal amebicide Cryptosporidiosis in the AIDS patient
57
Paromomycin Adverse Effects (3)
Dizziness Rashes Arthralgia
58
Trypanosomiasis (Chaga's Disease)
Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted to animals and people by insect vectors (Triatomine bugs) and is found only in the Americas (mainly, in rural areas of Latin America where poverty is widespread
59
Trypanosomiasis (Chaga's Disease) Complications (3)
Heart rhythm abnormalities that can cause sudden death A dilated heart that doesn't pump blood well A dilated esophagus or colon, leading to difficulties with eating or passing stool
60
Trypanosomiasis (Chaga's Disease) Rx (2)
Benznidazole Nifurtimox
61
Trypanasoma brucei (African sleeping sickness) Transmission and MOA (3)
Tsetse fly Extracellular replication cycle in blood and lymph Invasion of CNS, inflammation, lethargy, coma, & death
62
Trypanasoma brucei (African sleeping sickness) Rx
Early stage: Pentamidine, suramin Late (CNS) stage: melarsoprol, eflornithine, and nifurtimox
63
Leishmaniasis Defined (2)
Type of transmission (human-sand fly-human) is called anthroponotic Visceral leishmaniasis (affects internal organs), cutaneous leisghmaniasis (affects the skin) and mucosal leishmaniasis (affects the nose and throat)
64
Leishmaniasis Rx (3)
Sodium stibogluconate Miltefosine Amphotericin B
65
Pentamidine MOA
Inhibition of glycolysis OR interferences with nucleic acid metabolism
66
Pentamidine Uses (2)
Pneumocystosis in HIV Trypanosomiasis & kala azar form of leishmaniasis
67
Pentamidine Adverse Effects (6)
Respiratory abnormality Hypotension Hypoglycemia Anemia Hepatitis Pancreatitis
68
Sodium Stibogluconate MOA
Inhibition of glycolysis OR nucleic acid metabolism
69
Sodium Stibogluconate Uses
Leishmaniasis
70
Sodium Stibogluconate Adverse Effects
Cardiotoxic (QT prolongation)
71
Eflornithine MOA
Suicide substrate of ornithine decarboxylase
72
Eflornithine Uses
African trypanosomiasis (enters CNS)
73
Eflornithine Adverse Effects (2)
Hematotoxicity Seizures
74
Nifurtimox MOA
Inhibits trypanothione reductase
75
Nifurtimox Uses
Chaga's disease
76
Nifurtimox Adverse effects (2)
GI irritation CNS effects
77
Toxoplasmosis Parasite, Acquired, MOA
Toxoplasma gondii Eating undercooked, contaminated meat (especially pork, lamb, and venison) Eating food that was contaminated by knives, utensils, cutting boards and other foods that have had contact with raw, contaminated meat. Drinking water contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii. Accidentally swallowing the parasite through contact with cat feces that contain Toxoplasma. **"Flu" with swollen lymph glands or muscle aches and pains that last for a month or more. Severe toxoplasmosis, causing damage to the brain, eyes, or other organs Tachyzoites: rapidly growing tropozoites, in body fluids during acute infection, directly destroly tissues. Bradyzoites encysted in muscle, brain & eye
78
Toxoplasmosis Rx (2)
Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine Clindamycin (Folinic acid)
79
Pneumocystis Defined, Symptoms, and When it starts
Pneumocystis jirovecii Symptoms: fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue Can be serious with immunocompromised people Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops
80
Pneumocystis Rx
Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

M3 Pharm B3 (10 decks)

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