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M3 Pharm B3 > Anti-infective Drugs 1b - Antivirals > Flashcards

Anti-infective Drugs 1b - Antivirals Flashcards

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1
Q

Common Non-HIV Viral Infections (6)

A
  1. Herpes Simplex (oral-facial, genital, encephalitis)
  2. Varicella-Zoster
    Chickenpox (varicella)
    Shingles (herpes zoster)
  3. Cytomegalovirus
  4. Hep B, C, and D
  5. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)
  6. Influenza A & B
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2
Q

Non-HIV Antiviral Classification: Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster Antivirals (4)

A

Nucleoside analogs

  1. Acyclovir
  2. Valacyclovir
  3. Famciclovir
  4. Penciclovir
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3
Q

Non-HIV Antiviral Classification: CMV Antivirals (2)

A

Nucleoside analogs that require activation by viral kinase

  1. Ganciclovir
  2. Valganciclovir
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4
Q

Non-HIV Antiviral Classification: Others for CMV Antivirals (2)

A
  1. Foscarnet
  2. Cidofovir

When CMV is ganciclovir resistant

Activation not required

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5
Q

Non-HIV Antiviral Classification: Hepatitis B and C Antivirals (3)

A
  1. Nucleotide/nucleoside analogs
  2. Interferon alfa
  3. Ribavirin
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6
Q

Non-HIV Antiviral Classification: Neuramididase inhibitors for influenza (2)

A
  1. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

2. Zanamivir (Relenza)

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7
Q

Non-HIV Antiviral Classification: Adamatanes for influenza (2)

A
  1. Amantadine

2. Rimantadine

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8
Q

Antiretroviral Drug Classification for HIV Infection (5)

A
  1. Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTI)
  2. Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTI)
  3. Protease Inhibitors (PI)
  4. Entry and Fusion and Inhibitors
  5. Integrase Inhibitor
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9
Q

Antiretroviral Drug Therapy Issues (5)

A
  1. Multiple drug therapy combinations
  2. Significant adverse reactions
  3. Multiple drug-drug interactions
    • between antiretroviral drugs
    • with many other drugs used by HIV patient s
  4. High cost
  5. Adherence
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10
Q

Antiviral Drugs MOA 1 and Drugs (3)

A
  1. Inhibition of viral penetration and uncoating
  2. Amantadine
  3. Rimantadine
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11
Q

Antiviral Drugs MOA 2 and Drugs (4)

A
  1. Inhibition of Viral DNA Polymerase
  2. Acyclovir
  3. Gancyclovir
  4. Famcyclovir
  5. Valacyclovir
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12
Q

Antiviral Drugs MOA 3 and Drugs (1)

A
  1. Inhibition of Viral DNA and RNA Polymerase

Foscarnet

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13
Q

Antiviral Drugs MOA 4 and Drugs (1)

A
  1. Inhibition of viral RNA polymerase

Ribavirn

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14
Q

Antiviral Drugs MOA 5 and Drugs (6)

A
  1. Inhibition of Viral Reverse Transcriptase
  2. Zidovudine
  3. Didanosine
  4. Zalcitabine
  5. Stavudine
  6. Lamivudine
  7. Nevirapine
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15
Q

Antiviral Drugs MOA 6 and Drugs (4)

A
  1. Inhibition of Viral Aspartate Protease
  2. Indinavir
  3. Ritonavir
  4. Saquinavir
  5. Nelfinavir
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16
Q

Antiviral Drugs MOA 7 and Drugs (2)

A
  1. Inhibition of Viral Neuraminidase
  2. Zanamivir
  3. Oseltamivir
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17
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Amantadine - MOA

A

Interfere with the attachment, penetration, and uncoating of the viral particle

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18
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Amantadine - Indications (2)

A
  1. Influenza A

2. Parkinson’s Disease

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19
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Amantadine - Side Effects (2)

A
  1. Livedo reticularis

1. Anticholinergic effects

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20
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Ribavirin - MOA (2)

A
  1. Inhibits viral RNA polymerase

2. Inhibits end capping of viral mRNA

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21
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Ribavirin- Indications (1)

A

RSV

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22
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Ribavirin - Side Effects (1)

A

Teratogenic

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23
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Acyclovir - MOA

A

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

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24
Q

Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Acyclovir - Resistance

A

Decrease activity to viral thymidylate kinase

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25
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Acyclovir - Indications (3)
1. Herpes Simplex 2. Varicella zoster (shingles) 3. Not effective in CMV infections
26
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Acyclovir - Side Effects (2)
1. Nephropathy (IV only) | 2. Neurotoxicity and Crystalluria
27
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Famiciclovir and Valacyclovir
Newly FDA approved for herpes simplex Similar to acyclovir
28
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Ganciclovir - Buzzword
Rx of CMV (phosphotransferase) Viral thymidylate kinase in herpes
29
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Ganciclovir - MOA
Similar to acyclovir: Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
30
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Ganciclovir - Side Effects (3)
1. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia 2. Seizure in overdose 3. Crystalluria
31
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Foscarnet - MOA
Inhibits DNA polymerase
32
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Foscarnet - Indications (3)
As Ganciclovir Rx of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients, not retinal detachment
33
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Foscarnet - Side Effects (1)
1. Nephrotoxicity
34
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Foscarnet - Drug Interactions and Result
IV pentamidine + Foscarnet ---> severe hypocalcemia
35
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Zanamivir and Oseltamivir - MOA
Inhibits neuraminidases of influenza A and B
36
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Zanamivir and Oseltamivir - Indications
Prophylaxis to reduce flu symptoms
37
Clinical Antiviral Drugs: Zanamivir and Oseltamivir - Side Effects (2)
1. Inhaled Zanamivir --> throat irrituation | 2. Nausea and vomiting
38
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - MOA
Phosphorylated to triphosphate that inhibit RT
39
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - Resistance
Specific point mutations in the RT gene
40
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - Zidovudine (AZT) Adverse Effects (3)
1. Bone marrow suppression: Neutropenia 2. Peripheral neuropathy 3. Lactic acidosis (rare)
41
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - Didanosine (DDI) Adverse Effects (2)
1. Pancreatitis | 2. Hyperurecemia
42
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zalcitabine (DDC) Adverse Effects (1)
Peripheral neuropathy
43
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Stavudine (D4T) Adverse Effects (1)
Peripheral neuropathy
44
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Lamivudine (3TC) Adverse Effect (1) and Buzzword
GI Distress Buzzword: First oral drug for Hepatitis B that removes sAg from blood
45
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Latest Update of Adefovir
FDA approved for HBV NOT APPROVED FOR HIV DUE TO RENAL TOXICITY
46
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Emtricitabine
New NRTI is a fluorothiacytidine Usually combined with zidovudine or Tenofovir
47
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 1. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Tenofovir Side Effects (2)
1. Headache | 2. GI Intolerance
48
Zidovudine is often combined with?
Lamivudine or emtricitabine
49
Zidovudine is NOT used with?
Stavudine because it'll have antagonistic effects
50
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 2. Non-Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - Drugs (3)
1. Delaviridine 2. Nevirapine 3. Efavirenz
51
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 2. Non-Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors - Side Effects (2)
1. Rash | 2. No bone marrow suppression as NRTI
52
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - MOA
Inhibit Aspartate protease by binding the dipeptide
53
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Resistance
Point mutation in the pol encoded gene
54
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Indinavir Adverse effects (3)
1. Nephrolithiasis 2. Hyperbilirubinemia 3. Inhibition of p450
55
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Ritonavir Adverse Effects (3)
1. GI Distress 2. Inhibit p450 3. Increase effects of dronabinol and rifampin
56
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Ritonavir Buzzword (2)
Inhibits the metabolism of other protease inhibitors Boosted therapy
57
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Nelfinavir Adverse effects (1)
GI Distress
58
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Saquinavir Adverse Effect (1)
GI Distress
59
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Atazanavir Adverse Effect (1)
Proloned PR Interval
60
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 3. Protease Inhibitors - Lopinavir Adverse Effect (1)
GI intolerance
61
Protease inhibitors are reported to produce (2)?
1. Abnormal lipid and CHO metabolism | 2. Central adiposity and insulin resistance
62
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 4. Fusion ad Entry Inhibitors - Enfuvirtide MOA
Bind to HIV glycoprotein 41 and blocks the fusion process
63
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 4. Fusion ad Entry Inhibitors - Enfuvirtide Adverse Effects (1)
Hypersensitivity reactions
64
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 4. Fusion ad Entry Inhibitors - Maraviric MOA
CCR5 Antagonist (Chemokine co-receptors 5)
65
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 4. Fusion ad Entry Inhibitors - Maraviric Adverse Effects (2)
1. Upper respiratory symptoms | 2. Possible hepatotoxicity
66
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 5. Integrase Inhibitors - Raltegravir MOA
Prevents DNA strand transfer
67
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 5. Integrase Inhibitors - Raltegravir *Use
*Used for HIV-1 infection RESISTANT TO MULTIPLE ANTIRETROVIRLS
68
5 Classes Drugs Used for AIDS: 5. Integrase Inhibitors - Raltegravir - Adverse Effects (4)
1-3: NVD 4. Headache
69
HIV Drugs are used in?
Combinations --> drug cocktails HAART: Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
70
AIDS: Buzzword
CD4 Cells
71
AIDS: When do you start therapy?
Antiretroviral treatment in all patients with HIV Infection regardless of CD4 counts New 2014 guidelines
72
AIDS: Recommended Treatment
2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI or a Protease Inhibitor
73
AIDS: Recommended Treatment Examples
Any 2 Nucleoside Inhibitors: AZT, DDI, 3TC, D4T + 1 Protease Inhibitor: Indinavir or Ritonavir
74
Drugs with "a" in vir?
AIDS
75
Drugs with "i" in vir?
Influenza
76
Drugs with "o" in vir?
Herpes

M3 Pharm B3 (10 decks)

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