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M3 Pharm B3 > Anti-infective Drugs 1 > Flashcards

Anti-infective Drugs 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyene Antibiotics (3)

A
  1. Amphotericin B
  2. Natamycin
  3. Nystatin
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2
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azole Derivatives (6)

A
  1. Clotrimazole
  2. Fluconazole
  3. Itraconazole
  4. Ketoconazole
  5. Voriconazole
  6. Posaconazole
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3
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Allylamine Drugs (2)

A
  1. Terbinafine

2. Naftifine

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4
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Echicocandin Drugs (1)

A

Capsofungin

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5
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Other Antifungals (4)

A
  1. Ciclopirox
  2. Flucytosine
  3. Griseofulvin (Disulfiram like action)
  4. Tolnaftate
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6
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: Buzzword

A

IV for SERIOUS and LIFE-THREATENING INFECTIONS

Aspergillus
Candidda
Cryptococcus
Histoplasma

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7
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: MOA

A

Binds to ergosterol

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8
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: Side Effects 1 (5)

A
  1. Amphoterrible Dose Dependent
  2. Nephrotoxicity
  3. Hypokalemia
  4. Normochromic normocytic anemia
    * Lipid formulations of Amphotericin B cause less renal toxicity
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9
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: Side Effects 2 and Premedicate with?

A

Infusion dependant
Flu-like symptoms

Premeidicate patients with antipyretic, antihistaminic, and anti-emetic agents

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10
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: Distribution (2)

A
  1. Low penetration into CSF

2. No BBB crossing (given intrathecally)

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11
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: Drug Interactions

A

Synergistic with fluocytosine

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12
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: Rx of resistant?

A

Cryptococcus and cnadidiasis

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13
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Amphotericin B: Resistance leads to?

A

Decreased ergosteral levels

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14
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Polyenes - Nystatin Use

A

Used topically for candidiasis

Too toxic for systemic use

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15
Q

Antifungals: Azoles - Buzzword (5)

A
  1. Ketoconazole
  2. Fluconazole
  3. Itraconazole
  4. Clotrimazole
  5. Miconazole
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16
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - MOA

A

Block synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting 14-alpha demethylase in the fungal P450 complex

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17
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - Resisance

A

Decrease intracellular levels of drugs

18
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - Indications (4)

A
  1. Given PO
  2. Candidiasis and coccidiomycosis (respiratory)
  3. Paracoccidiomycosis
  4. Blastomycosis and histoplasmosis
19
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - Clotrimazole and Miconazole given and rx of?

A

Given topically

Rx of candida and dermatophytic infections

20
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - Ketaconazole Use (3)

A

Gynecomastia and decrease libido

Menstrual irregularities

Seborrheic dermatitis

21
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - Kinetics

A
  1. Fluconazole penetrates CSF rx of cryptococcal meningitis
  2. Itraconazole: No CSF
    Rx of blastomycosis, histoplasmomsis, and onychomycosis
22
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - Absorption increased by?

A

Food

23
Q

Antifungal Drugs: Azoles - Fluconazole and itraconazole available by?

A

IV

24
Q

Newly Approved Triazole: Voriconazole Type, Rx, and

A

IV and Oral

Rx of invasive aspergillosis and candidiasis

25
Q

Newly Approved Triazole: Voriconazole Side Effects

A

Visual disturbances

26
Q

Newly Approved Triazole: Posaconazole Type and USe

A

Oral

Propphylaxis in neutropenic and immunosuppressed patients

27
Q

Newly Approved Triazole: Posaconazole Side Effects

A

Hepatic failure and QT prolongation

28
Q

Antifungals: Echicocandin Drugs (New) MOA

A

Inhibits fungal cell wall synthesis

29
Q

Antifungals: Echicocandin Drugs - Caspofungin

A

Rx of candida species and aspergillus species

Only given IV with few adverse effects with amphotericin B

30
Q

Antifungals: Echicocandin Drugs - Caspofungin Adverse Effects (4)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Fever
  3. Phlebitis
  4. Abnormal liver function
31
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Griseofulvin MOA

A

Disruption of mitotic spindle by interfering with microtubules

32
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Griseofulvin Rx of?

A

Tinea cruris (jock itch)

33
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Griseofulvin Side Effects

A

Increase effects of alcohol

34
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Griseofulvin Contraindicated in?

A

Intermittent porphyria

35
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Terbinafine MOA

A

Inhibits squalene epoxidase

36
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Terbinafine rx of?

A

Onychomycosis (nail fungal infection)

37
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Terbinafine Side effects

A

Elevated liver function tests

38
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Flucytosine MOA

A

5 FC —-> 5FU (via fungal cytosine deaminase)

5 FU –> 5-fluorodeoxyuridine MP –> *inhibits thymidylate synthetase –> decrease thymind

39
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Flucytosine Used with what in severe candidiasis?

A

Amphotericin B

40
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Flucytosine Side Effects (3)

A
  1. Decrease bone marrow
  2. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
  3. GI: Severe enterocolitis, hepatitis
41
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Ciclopirox Rx of? (3) and Use

A
  1. Dermatophytes
  2. C. Albicans
  3. M. furfur

Used topically

42
Q

Antifungals with Limited Indications: Tolnaftate Rx of? And used

A

Rx of tinea versicolor and mild dermatophyte

Used topically

M3 Pharm B3 (10 decks)

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