1. Equine Nutrition 1-3

Question 1

If you are feeding your horse for efficiency you should feed _____, like ____ and _____

Answer 1

High quality feeds, like grains and seed meals

Question 2

If you are feeding your horse for effectivity you should feed ____, like ____ and _____.

Answer 2

High fiber feeds like grasses and hays

Question 3

What is wave mouth? cna it be fixed?

Answer 3

When the teeth are diseased and worn improperly causing difficulty eating. Cannot be fixed. must catch earlier

Question 4

Where does protein digestion occur?

Answer 4

Small intestine

Question 5

Protein is absorbed as __

Answer 5

AA

Question 6

T/F. The more feed in the stomach the faster the transit time in the SI

Answer 6

T

Question 7

Site of absorption of vitamins and minerals

Answer 7

SI

Question 8

What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins absorbed in the SI

Answer 8

A, D, E, K

Question 9

Problems and segments of the SI usually removed are the ____

Answer 9

Ileum

Question 10

What segment of the sI does the most work?

Answer 10

ileum

Question 11

What part of the GIT absorbs carotene?

Answer 11

SI

Question 12

You can remove up to __% of the SI w/o problems

Answer 12

50%

Question 13

Site of absorption of carbohydrates

Answer 13

SI

Question 14

Hydrolyzable carbohydrates

Answer 14

Starches

Question 15

Fat is absorbed in the SI as ____ and ___.

Answer 15

Triglycerides and glycerol

Question 16

Which 3 minerals are absorbed in the SI?

Answer 16

Ca, Mg, Phos

Question 17

Feed from a single meal can appear in the LI within ___ hrs

Answer 17

2

Question 18

___ is the primary site of water absorption

Answer 18

LI

Question 19

Digestion in the LI is primarily due to ___

Answer 19

microbial fermentation

Question 20

Microbes in the LI utilize what 3 things?

Answer 20

fiber, starch, protein

Question 21

Microbes in the LI breakdown ____

Answer 21

structural carbohydrates of plants

Question 22

Microbes in the LI produce ___

Answer 22

VFAs

Question 23

What are the 3 VFAs produced by microbes in the LI

Answer 23

Acetate, Butyrate, Propionate

Question 24

If a horse is on rich, lush, green pastures there is a possibility they can develop over condition leading to ___ and ____.

Answer 24

laminitis and colic

Question 25

What are the 4 structural carbohydrates?

Answer 25

1. cellulose 2. hemicellulose 3. Ligno-cellulose 4. lignin

Question 26

What are the 5 categories of carbohydrates?

Answer 26

1. Non-structural 2. structural 3. Hydrolyzable 4. Rapidly fermentable 5. Slowly fermentable

Question 27

What are the 2 non structural carbohydrates

Answer 27

Starch, fructans

Question 28

T/F. Lignin is easily metabolized by the horse?

Answer 28

F

Question 29

Where are Hydrolyzable CHOs digested

Answer 29

SI

Question 30

What are the 2 examples of Hydrolyzable CHO

Answer 30

1. Simple sugars | 2. Non resistant starches

Question 31

Where are rapidly fermentable CHOs digested

Answer 31

LI (microbes)

Question 32

What are two ex. of rapidly fermentable CHOs

Answer 32

1. resistant starches | 2. oligosaccharides

Question 33

Where are slowly fermentable CHOs digested

Answer 33

SI (microbes)

Question 34

Average horses, doing general work need nothing more than ____, _____, and ____.

Answer 34

good quality pasture water Salt block

Question 35

How do you assess long term nutrition and feeding?

Answer 35

Body condition Not wt.

Question 36

Which feedstuff has the greatest variability in nutrient composition

Answer 36

Forages

Question 37

Legumes have _high/low_ crude protein and calcium

Answer 37

High

Question 38

Why is processing sometimes a problem in equine feeds?

Answer 38

could inc. rate of passage through GIT, decreasing digestibility

Question 39

P is 30% available due to interactions with ___

Answer 39

phyates

Question 40

Ca availablity is affected by ____ and ____

Answer 40

phyates and oxylates

Question 41

T/F. Cellulose is not digested in the SI

Answer 41

T

Question 42

what is proprionate, from cellulose breakdown, used for?

Answer 42

gluconeogenesis

Question 43

What are the 4 criteria of good quality hay

Answer 43

1. harvested early 2. free of mold 3. not undergone excessive weathering 4. leafy and not stemmy

Question 44

what is the main type of legume in horses

Answer 44

alfalfa

Question 45

T/F. Alfalfa tends to have 2-3x more protein and Ca than other hays

Answer 45

T

Question 46

T/F. Alfalfa tends to have more carotene and vit. E than other hays

Answer 46

T

Question 47

Where is Beet pulp absorbed

Answer 47

LI

Question 48

Beet pulp can make up what percentage of a horses diet?

Answer 48

50%

Question 49

T/F Beet pulp has a high glycemic index

Answer 49

F. Low

Question 50

Advantages of feeding corn to horse:

Answer 50

1. Double the energy of oats 2. cheap 3. High vit. A

Question 51

Disadvantages of feeding corn:

Answer 51

1. Lower protein | 2. mold toxicity

Question 52

Advantages to feeding oats?

Answer 52

1. High fiber | 2. Better protein than corn

Question 53

Disadvantages to oats?

Answer 53

1. inconsistent quality | 2. Expensive

Question 54

What is the most common protein supplement in horses

Answer 54

Soybean meal

Question 55

Why is molasses added to horse feed?

Answer 55

1. palatability 2. dec. dust 3. High Ca content

Question 56

In a high fat diet the fat component is added by adding _____.

Answer 56

Rice bran

Question 57

What are the two types of commercially prepared feeds?

Answer 57

1. Complete feeds | 2. Grain mixes

Question 58

T/F. Nutrient Requirements represent. a minimum requirement for most nutrients

Answer 58

T

Question 59

Most vitamins and minerals use _____ times NRC

Answer 59

1.25-3

Question 60

Nutrient requirements are based on what 4 factors?

Answer 60

1. Type of horse 2. Age 3. Current BCS 4. Physiologic state (repro, excessive fitness)

Question 61

First Limiting AA

Answer 61

Lysine

Question 62

What is the ideal Ca/P ratio in the growing horse?

Answer 62

2:1

Question 63

What is the ideal Ca/P ratio in the adult horse?

Answer 63

1:1 - 6:1

Question 64

The liver stores 3-6 month supply of Vit. __

Answer 64

A

Question 65

Where is Vit. E found?

Answer 65

Green growing pastures

Question 66

What are two equine grain-associated disorders?

Answer 66

1. gastrointestinal disorders | 2. Metabolic disorders

Question 67

Effects of grain on LI

Answer 67

1. Acidification 2. Altered flora 3. Mucosal damage