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BACTERIOLOGY > 1- GRAM POSITIVE COCCI ( CATALASE POSITIVE) > Flashcards

1- GRAM POSITIVE COCCI ( CATALASE POSITIVE) Flashcards

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1
Q

3 major pathogenic spp. of Staphylococci

A

S. aureus
S. epidermidis
S. saprophyticus

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2
Q

-the most virulent species of staphylococcus encountered
-normal flora of the nares, nasopharynx, perianal area, and skin

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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3
Q

MOT (mode of transmission) for staphylococcus aureus

A
  1. traumatic introduction to sterile sites
  2. person-to-person, fomites
  3. aerosolized (droplets)
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4
Q

appears as slime layer/ biofilm; inhibits phagocytosis

A

capsule

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5
Q

activates complements, IL-1, and act as chemotactic factor for the recruitment of PMNs

A

Peptidoglycan

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6
Q

a surface protein bound to the cytoplasmic membrane of the organism, and has a high affinity for the fc receptor on IgG molecules as well as complement

A

Protein A

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7
Q

4 kinds of cytotoxins

A

-alpha toxins
-beta toxin
-delta toxin
-gamma toxin

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8
Q

it disrupts smooth muscle in blood vessels; toxic to RBCs, WBCs, hepatocytes, and platelets

A

Alpha toxin

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9
Q

catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids resulting in cell lysis

A

Beta toxin

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10
Q

cytolytic to RBCs and demonstrates nonspecific membrane toxicity to other mamalian cells

A

Delta toxin

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11
Q

responsible for the various skin, wound, and deep tissue infection

A

gamma toxin

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12
Q

resistant to hydrolysis by the gastric and intestinal enzymes

A

Enterotoxin

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13
Q

toxic to wbcs; prevents clearance of the organism by the immune system

A

Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL)

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14
Q

a serine protease that splits the intracellular bridges of the peidermidis

A

Exfoliative toxin

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15
Q

initiates skin infection, degradation of fats and oil, colonization of sebaceous glands

A

lipase

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16
Q

fibrin formation around the bacteria; protects organism from phagocytosis

A

Coagulase

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17
Q

spreading factor; duran-reynauld factor

A

Hyaluronidase

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18
Q

resistance of B-lactams; disrupts the B-lactam portion of the penicillin molecule

A

Penicillinase

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19
Q

promotes fibrinolysis

A

Staphylokinase

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20
Q

increased organisms mobility

A

DNAse / Thermonuclease

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21
Q

type of carriers

A
  1. persistent carriers
  2. intermittent carriers
  3. noncarrier
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22
Q

harbor a single strain for an extended period of time

A

Persistent carriers

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23
Q

harbor different strains over time

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A

Intermittent carriers

24
Q

do not harbor any organism

25
it is the initial presumptive identification method for ALL gram positive cocci
Gram staining
26
it differentiate staphylococci, micrococcus, and streptococcus
Catalase test Result: (+) staphylococcus and micrococcus (-) streptococcus
27
Reagent used in catalase test
Hydrogen peroxide 3% H2O2 = staphy & micrococcus 15% H2O2= anaerobes 30% H2O2= N. gonorrhea and Mycobacterium
28
Positive result in catalase test
Bubbling/ effervescences
29
it contains high concentration of 10% mannitol, and phenol red
Mannitol salt agar
30
it enhances pigmentation of staphylococcus
Loeffler's serum slant
31
used to eliminate contamination by gram negative organism in heavily contaminated specimens
PEA and CNA Phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) Columbia colistin nalidixic acid (CNA)
32
produces golden yellow colonies
S. aureus
33
produces lemon yellow colonies
S. citreus
34
produces porcelain white colonies
S. albus
35
it differentiates micrococcus spp. from staphylococcus spp.
modified oxidase test/ microdase
36
reagent used in Modified oxidase test
tetramethyl paraphenylenediamine dihydrochloride with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
37
Positive result for microdase test
Blue color within 2 minutes (+) micrococcus spp. (-) staphylococcus spp.
38
two types of coagulase test
1. slide coagulase test 2. tube coagulase test
39
test to differentiate S. aureus and the other CoNS
Coagulase test Positive: Clot formation within 1-4 hours of incubation
40
it detects bound coagulate or clumping factor
Slide coagulase test
41
detects free coagulase; inoculation of tube containing plasma incubated at 35c
Tube coagulase test
42
Disk diffusion zone with a clear, sharp zone at the edge of the disk or "cliff"
Beta-lactamase positive
43
fuzzy zone or "beach" edge
Beta-lactamase negative
44
drug of choice of staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin
45
also known as Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -resistant to methicillin, nafcillin, and oxacillin
MRSA
46
responsible for infectivity to beta-lactam
strain that carry mecA gene, which encodes the PBP 2a
47
gold standard for MRSA detection
PCR specimen: nasal swab
48
Coagulase Negative staphylococci (CoNS)
S. epidermidis S. lugdunensis S. haemolyticus S. saprophyticus
49
-frequently encountered as contaminants in clinical specimens -most are primarily associated with health care-associated infections (HAI) / nosocomial infection
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS)
50
most encountered among the CoNS -normal microbiota of skin and mucous membranes
S. epidermidis
51
infection resembles S. aureus
S. lugdunensis
52
most frequently associated with community acquired urinary tract infections in young, sexually active females
S. saprophyticus
53
Differentiates S. saprophyticus and the other CoNS
Novobiocin (R) S. saprophyticus (S) other CoNS
54
-in grape like CLUSTERS -NON MOTILE -NON-SPORE-FORMING
Staphylococcus
55
typically appear as gram-positive cocci in TETRADS
Micrococcus

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