1. Innate Immunity I Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the key cells and mediators of the innate immune system?
Key cells include neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. Mediators include cytokines and interferons.
These components are crucial for the initial response to pathogens.
How do innate immune cells respond to pathogens?
Innate immune cells recognize patterns from pathogens, activating cells and causing inflammation to remove infectious pathogens.
This response is rapid and non-specific.
What roles do B and T Lymphocytes play in acquired immune responses?
B lymphocytes produce antibodies, while T lymphocytes assist in the immune response and kill infected cells.
These cells are essential for the adaptive immune response.
What is innate immunity?
Innate immunity is the quick and non-specific defense mechanism against pathogens.
It includes barriers like skin and mucous membranes.
What is adaptive immunity?
Adaptive immunity is long-term and specific, involving T and B cells that respond to specific pathogens.
It generates memory cells for faster responses upon re-exposure.
What is the origin of immune system cells?
All immune system cells differentiate from hematopoietic stem cells.
This includes both lymphoid and myeloid lineages.
What differentiates from lymphoid progenitors?
Lymphoid progenitors differentiate into B cell progenitors, natural killer cells, and T cell progenitors.
B cell progenitors can further become Memory B cells and Plasma cells.
What cells can myeloid lineage differentiate into?
Myeloid lineage can differentiate into neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, mast cells, and basophils.
Monocytes can further differentiate into dendritic cells and macrophages.
What are non-specific host defenses?
Non-specific host defenses include:
* Skin
* Mucous membranes
* Temperature
* Stomach acidity
* Lysozymes
* Interferon
* Complement
* Toll-like receptors
* Collectins
* Phagocytic/endocytic barriers
* Inflammatory barriers
These mechanisms provide immediate defense against pathogens.
What is the function of Toll-like receptors?
Toll-like receptors recognize microbial molecules and signal cells to secrete immunostimulatory cytokines.
They play a crucial role in initiating the immune response.
What is the primary immune response?
The primary immune response is the initial response to a pathogen, leading to the generation of memory cells.
This forms the basis for a stronger secondary immune response.
What happens during the secondary immune response?
The secondary immune response produces a higher concentration of antibodies due to memory cells generated from the primary response.
This enhances protection against reinfection.
Fill in the blank: Innate immune cells use _______ for gene transcription of mediators.
intracellular signalling
True or False: Adaptive immunity is non-specific and immediate.
False
What do cytotoxic T cells do?
Cytotoxic T cells recognize infected cells via antigen receptors and mount an immune attack against them.
This is crucial for eliminating infected cells.
What role do B cells play in combating viruses?
B cells release neutralizing antibodies that can stop viruses from further infecting cells.
This is a key aspect of the humoral immune response.
