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Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy > 1 - Intro to NeuroAnatomy - Surface Topography > Flashcards

1 - Intro to NeuroAnatomy - Surface Topography Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 Major Divisions of the CNS?

A 
Spinal Cord
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Cerebellum
Midbrain
Diencephalon
Cerebral Hemisphere
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2
Q

Overall Spinal Cord Functions

A 
Initial gateway for sensory information (neck to toes), touch, pain
Motor execution (muscle contraction)
Final arbiter of autonomic control of various peripheral ganglia of ANS
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3
Q

4 Spinal Cord Divisions (Rostral to Caudal)

A

Cervical (Upper Extremity)
Thoracic (Trunk)
Lumbar (Hips to Toes)
Sacral (Hips to Toes)

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4
Q

3 Brain Stem Divisions

A 
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
(Diencephalon)
(Telencephalon)
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5
Q

Brain Stem Function

A 
Motor Control - Does what the spinal cord does, except in the head, neck and face
Special Senses - Taste,  Hearing
Homeostatic Circuits
ANS Control
Neuromodulatory Transmitters
Memory
Arousal
Breathing
Sleep/Wake Cycle
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6
Q

Cerebellum Function

A

Important in motor control

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7
Q

2 Divisions of the Diencephalon

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

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8
Q

Thalamus Function

A

Gateway to cortex

All info from spinal cord and brainstem (sensorimotor, consciousness) EXCEPT olfaction

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9
Q

3 Cerebral Hemisphere Components

A

Telencephalon
Cerebral Cortex
Basal Ganglia

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10
Q

How many neurons are in the cerebellum?

A

About the same amount as in the rest of the brain combined

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11
Q

What is contained in the top 3mm of the surface of the cortex?

A

All the neurons of the cerebral hemisphere. The rest is white matter.

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12
Q

What is white matter?

A

Myelinated axons

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13
Q

4 Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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14
Q

Frontal Lobe Function

A 
Motor
Motor planning
Speech
Executive decisions
Working memory
Emotional processing
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15
Q

Parietal Lobe Function

A 
Somatosensory processing
Attention
Visual processing
Body image
Sensory-motor transformation
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16
Q

Temporal Lobe Function

A 
Auditory processing
Visual processing
Language
Declarative memory
Emotional processing
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17
Q

Occipital Lobe Function

A

Visual

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18
Q

Lateral Sulcus/Fissure

A

Separates Temporal Lobe from Frontal Lobe & Parietal Lobe

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19
Q

Central Suclus/Fissure

A

Separates Frontal Lobe from Parietal Lobe

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20
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Primary Motor Cortex adjacent to the Central Sulcus, at the posterior ridge of the Frontal Lobe (lateral)

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21
Q

Motor Control: How much surface area is dedicated to a body part?

A

Proportional to the amount of activity required to control that body part (# of muscles to control, essentially)

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22
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex adjacent to the Central Suclus, at the anterior ridge of the Parietal Lobe (lateral)

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23
Q

Moving superiorly to inferiorly along the Central Sulcus, what body parts do you control?

A

Legs (most superior) to Face (most inferior).

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24
Q

Broca’s Area

Study These Flashcards
A

Frontal Lobe (LEFT only) - Motor aspect of speech. Your grammar lives here.

25
Occipital Lobe
Primary Visual Processing Center
26
Cingulate Gyrus
Emotional memory
27
Corpus Callosum
Axon track connecting regions of the brain
28
Parietal Occipital Sulcus/Fissure
Separates Parietal Lobe from Occipital Lobe
29
What is at a right angle to the Parietal Occipital Fissure?
Calcarine Fissure
30
Calcarine Fissure
Extends from Parietal Occipital Fissure to Occipital Pole. Primary Visual Cortex
31
Hypothalamus
Regulates Pituitary function Homeostasis Desires driven by homeostatic needs Survival
32
Location - Orbital Cortex
Just superior to where the eyes sit
33
Gyrus Rectus
Frontal Lobe (medial, inferior) - Processes olfactory information from the Olfactory Bulb
34
Olfactory Bulb
Receives olfactory input from periphery, processes it, transmits to Gyrus Rectus
35
Location - Parahippocampal Gyrus
Most medial part of the inferior Temporal Lobe.
36
Components - Parahippocampal Gyrus
Amygdala | Hippocampus
37
Amygdala - Function
Emotional Valence (fearful, happy, others)
38
Hippocampus - Function
Explicit Learning - Facts, navigating space
39
Alzheimer's typically begins where?
Parahippocampal Gyrus (degeneration)
40
Location - Occipital Temporal Gyrus
From Temporal Pole to Occipital Pole
41
Occipital Temporal Gyrus - Function
Processing of visual information Facial recognition You have specific neurons dedicated to recognizing Britney Spears
42
Excitatory Neurotransmitter
Glutamate
43
Nerves - General Function
Bring in sensory information to CNS | Send out motor commands to Periphery
44
Commissure
A bunch of nerve fibers that go from one side of the brain to the other
45
Tracts
Large bundle of axons conveying information from one brain center to another
46
Peduncles
Cerebral | Cerebellar
47
Telencephalon Components
Caudate Nucleus | Putamen
48
Internal Capsule
Descending cortical axons separating Caudate Nucleus from Putamen in the Telencephalon. Beyond the Diencephalon (in the Midbrain), the name changes to Cerebral Peduncle At the medulla, it becomes the pyramid tract
49
Cerebellar Peduncle
Fiber tracts connecting Cerebellum with the rest of the Brain Stem and CNS
50
Dorsal Midbrain Nuclei
Superior Colliculus | Inferior Colliculus
51
Inferior Colliculus
Projects from nucleus in Midbrain through one of the Thalamic Nuclei to reach the Medial Geniculate Nucleus (Auditory Processing)
52
Medial Geniculate Nucleus - Function
Auditory Processing
53
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Visual Processing
54
All cranial nerves (except IV) extend from which surface?
Ventral
55
The Trochlear Nerve extends from which surface?
Dorsal, then curves around to innervate Superior Oblique
56
Dorsal Column Nuclei
Somatosensory information
57
Motor Decussation
Boundary between Medulla and Spinal Cord
58
Grey Matter
Cell bodies

Neuroscience and NeuroAnatomy (41 decks)

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