4 - NeuroAnatomy Internal Organization Flashcards by Mikey Montalbano

Cingulate Gyrus

Emotional Valence on Sensory and Motor Activity

Contiguous with Parahippocampal Gyrus

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Lateral Ventricles

1 in each hemisphere, C-shaped

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Third Ventricle

Diencephalon, Thalamus and Hypothalamus form lateral borders

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Connection between Lateral Ventricle and Third Ventricle

Foramen of Monroe

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3 Horns of the Lateral Ventricles

Anterior Horn (contains the “body” of the ventricle)
Posterior Occipital Horn
Inferior Horn

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Basal Ganglian

Subcortical group of nuclei important for initiation and selection of movement, etc

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Putamen

Most lateral compnent of the Basal Ganglion

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Internal Capsule

Fibers going up to and down from the cortex

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Caudate

Forms the lateral border of most of the lateral ventricle

Tail goes into temporal lobe

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Fornix

Comes off of each Hippocampal Formation in each hemisphere.
Hemispheres join together and form the body, directly under the Corpus Callosum.
Runs rostrally to the Anterior Commissure
Descends ventrally and laterally to form the Mammilary Body

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Mammilary Body

The ends of the Fornix

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Amygdala

Most rostral nucleus in Temporal Lobe

Emotion, especially fear

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Anterior Commisure

The point at which the body of the Fornix splits to form two Mammilary Bodies

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2 Major Groups of Nuclei in the Temporal Lobe

Amygdala

Hippocampal Formation

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Hippocampal Formation

Caudal to the Amygdala in the Temporal Lobe

Memory Consolidation

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3 Classes of Fibers in the Brain

Commissures
Projection Fibers
Association Fibers

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Commissures

Corpus Callosum
Anterior Commissure
Posterior Commissure
Connect homotypic (functionally-related) regions of the two cerebral hemispheres

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Projection Fibers

Corticospinal Tract (Motor Cortex to Spinal Cord)
Interconnect a source in the cortex with a distant subcortical target (run in the internal capsule)

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Association Fibers

Extreme Capsule
External Capsule
Interconnect cortical regions in the same hemisphere

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Splenium

Most caudal part of the Corpus Callosum

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Steps in interpreting Coronal and Horizontal brain sections

Identify ventricles
Identify structures bordering ventricles
Identify and follow internal capsule from cortex to medulla
Identify structures bordering internal capsule at each level

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Roof of Lateral Ventricle

Corpus Callosum

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Walls of Lateral Ventricle

Caudate Nucleus (Lateral)
Septum Pellucidum (Medial)

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Floor of Lateral Ventricle

Hippocampal Formation / Fornix

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Walls of Third Ventricle

Diencephalon (Thalamus, Hypothalamus)

Borders of Cerebral Aqueduct

Tectum of Midbrain (Superior and Inferior Colliculi) | Tegmentum of Midbrain

Borders of Fourth Ventricle

Cerebellum, Pons, Medulla

Medial wall of the Lateral Sulcus

Insular Cortex

Insular Cortex functions

Taste, pain, other sensory stuff

Cingulate Sulcus

A lateral sulcus off of the Sagittal Sulcus

Cingulate Gyrus

Just inferior to the cingulate sulcus

Putamen + Caudate together

Striatum

Anterior Commissure

Carries information from Olfactory Cortex to the Amgydala and other stuff in the temporal lobe

Infundibulum

Connects the Hypothalamus and the Pituitary

What sensory modality is delivered in the splenium?

Vision!!!!

Collateral Trigone or Atrium

Point at which Lateral Ventricle's posterior and inferior horns meet and swell.

Roof of the Collateral Trigone / Atrium

Tail of the caudate

Internal Capsule

Anterior Limb - Fibers from the frontal lobe Genu - Face Posterior Limb - Arm, Trunk, Leg (progressing caudally)

Primary Visual Cortex

V1 or Broman's Area 17

Calcarine Sulcus

Medial fissure on the caudal side of the brain.

Most outer layer of Spinal Cord

White Matter

Inner butterfly of Spinal Column

Grey Matter

Dorsal Horn of Spinal Cord function

Processing of sensory information

Ventral Horn of Spinal Cord function

Processing of motor information

Ascending rostrally from sacral to cervical, what happens to the amount of white matter?

It increases. As you ascend, more fibers are coming in, and fewer fibers are going out.

Where do you see enlargements in the ventral horn of the spinal cord?

Cervical, Lumbar, Sacral. These control the most motor thangs.

Motor Decussation

At the level of the Spinal Cord-Medulla Junction, descending projection fibers which synapse in the brainstem and the spinal cord CROSS to the opposite side

Pyramids (at the Spinal Cord-Medulla Junction)

Descending Cortical Fibers

Anything caudal to the Motor Decussation

Spinal Cord

Anything rostral to the Motor Decussation

Medulla

Central Canal

Ventricular portion of the Caudal Medulla and Spinal Cord

Sensory Decussation - Location

Rostral to Motor Decussation

Sensory Decussation - Contents

``` 4 Dorsal Column Nuclei Medial Lemniscus Pyramids Central Canal Inferior Olivary Nucleus ```

Sensory Decussation - Pathway

Fibers from caudal synapse on Dorsal Column Nuclei, which then project to the opposite side. Medial Lemniscus ascends.

Mid-Medulla - Contents

``` Cranial Nerve Nuclei Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle Reticular Formation Inferior Olivary Nucleus Medial Lemniscus Pyramids ```

3 Bundles of fibers carrying information into and out of the Cerebellum to/from the Mid-Medulla

Medial Lemniscus Inferior Olivary Nucleus Reticular Formation

Medial Lemniscus

Somatosensory ascending fibers from the Medulla to the Cerebellum

Inferior Olivary Nucleus

Clamshell-shaped bundle of neurons that project fibers through the Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Reticular Formation

``` Bundle of fibers in the Mid-Medulla controlling: Attention Arousal Visceral Functions Blood Pressure ```

Pons - Contents

Facial Colliculus | Pontine Nuclei

Facial Colliculus

Nucleus of VI & the Genu of VII -

Pontine Nuclei

Part of Pons involved in motor activity

Two Most Caudal bumps of Midbrain flanking the Cerebral Aqueduct

Inferior Colliculi

Obligatory relay stations for audition in the Midbrain

Basis Pedunculi

Cerebral Peduncles - Descending motor fibers in the anterior Midbrain. Once we reach the Medulla, they become the Pyramids.

Corpora Quadrigemina

Four Colliculi on the Tectum of the dorsal aspect of the midbrain: Reflex Centers involving Vision and Hearing

Tectum

The uppermost part of the midbrain, lying dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct

Substantia Nigra

Descending motor fibers just posterior to the Basis Pedunculi

Decussation of the Superior Cerebellar Peduncle - Location on Imaging

At the level of the Inferior Colliculi, anterior to the Cerebral Aqueduct

Midbrain Contents - Level of the Superior Colliculi

Superior Colliculi Substantia Nigra Red Nucleus III Fascicles into Interpeduncular Fossa

Lesion on Substantia Nigra leads to

Parkinson's

What landmark can you see at the Superior Colliculi, but not the Inferior Colliculi?

Red Nuclei

Space between the two Basis Pedunculi (at level of Superior Colliculi)

Interpeduncular Fossa

4 - NeuroAnatomy Internal Organization Flashcards

(73 cards)