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CIS 110: Introduction to Computers > 1: Introduction to the World of Computers > Flashcards

1: Introduction to the World of Computers Flashcards

1
Q

the fact that few aspects of modern life remain untouched by computing technology

A

pervasive (ubiquitous) computing

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2
Q

joining of multiple communication and entertainment devices into single units with many capabilities (ex. smartphones are capable of accessing internet, TV, gaming, music)

A

convergence

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3
Q

the knowledge and understanding of basic computer fundamentals

A

computer literacy

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4
Q

a programmable electronic device that accepts data input, performs processing operations on that data, and outputs and stores the results (IPOS)

A

computer

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5
Q

process of entering data into a computer (can also refer to the data itself)

A

input

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6
Q

performing operations on data that has been input into a computer to convert that input to output

A

processing

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7
Q

process of presenting the results of processing (also refers to results themselves)

A

output

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8
Q

operation of saving data, programs, or output for future use

A

storage

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9
Q

transmission of data from one device to another (through internet etc.) - often considered the 5th primary computer operation

A

communications

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10
Q

raw, unorganized facts used in processing

A

data

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11
Q

data that has been processed into a meaningful form

A

information

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12
Q

earliest computers, 1946-1957 - large and bulky, used vacuum tubes, and had to be physically wired and reset

A

first-generation computers

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13
Q

computers in 1958-1963 - used transistors instead of vacuum tubes, with punch cards and paper printouts for input/output

A

second-generation computers

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14
Q

computers in 1964-1970 - used chips that incorporated many circuits and transistors together, with keyboards and monitors for input/output, hard drives for storage

A

third-generation computers

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15
Q

computers from 1971 to present - use microprocessors containing capabilities of an entire computer on a single chip, with keyboard, mouse, hard drives, optical drives, printers, internet, etc.

A

fourth-generation computers

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16
Q

computers being developed for the future - use artificial intelligence to think and reason independently

A

fifth-generation computers

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17
Q

the physical components of a computer system, both internal and external - keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.

A

hardware

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18
Q

“brain” of the computer - main processing device inside computer that performs calculations and controls operations

A

central processing unit (CPU)

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19
Q

instructions that are used to tell a computer what it should do (programs) - usually must be installed

A

software

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20
Q

the main component of system software that enables a computer to operate, manage its activities and the resources under its control, run application programs, and interface with the user

A

operating system

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21
Q

to start up a computer

A

boot

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22
Q

programs that enable users to perform specific tasks on a computer

A

application software (apps)

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23
Q

a tiny computer within a product, designed to perform specific tasks or functions for that product (ex. blind spot camera, auto braking system)

A

embedded computer

24
Q

a very small device with built-in computing or Internet capability

A

mobile device

25
Q

a mobile device based on a mobile phone that includes Internet capabilities and can run mobile apps

A

smartphone

26
Q

a mobile device, usually larger than a smartphone, that is typically used to access the Internet and display multimedia content

A

media tablet

27
Q

AKA microcomputer - a type of computer based on a microprocessor and designed to be used by one person at a time

A

personal computer (PC)

28
Q

a personal computer designed to fit on or next to a desk

A

desktop computer

29
Q

a small personal computer, such as a notebook or tablet, designed to be carried around easily

A

portable computer

30
Q

AKA laptop - a fully-functioning portable computer that opens up to reveal a screen and keyboard

A

notebook computer

31
Q

a portable computer about the size of a notebook with no built-in keyboard, designed to be used with a digital pen

A

tablet computer

32
Q

a portable computer that is smaller and has more limited features than a notebook computer

A

netbook

33
Q

a personal computer designed to access a network for processing and data storage, instead of performing those tasks locally (ex. school computer lab)

A

thin client

34
Q

an ordinary device that can be used to access the Internet (smart TV, gaming console)

A

internet appliance

35
Q

a computer used to host programs and data for a small network (small business, school) - typically larger, more powerful and expensive

A

server

36
Q

creating virtual (rather than actual) versions of a computing resource, such as several separate environments that are located on a single server but function as different servers

A

virtualization

37
Q

computer used in large organizations (hospitals, large businesses, universities) that manages large amounts of centralized data and runs multiple programs simultaneously

A

mainframe computer

38
Q

the fastest, most expensive, and most powerful type of computer - used for weather forecasting, controlling satellites, hosting complex sites (social network, search engine), etc.

A

supercomputer

39
Q

a collection of computers and other hardware devices that are connected together to share hardware, software, and data, as well as to communicate electronically with one another

A

computer network

40
Q

the largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over the world

A

Internet

41
Q

a business or other organization that provides Internet access to others, typically for a fee

A

Internet service provider (ISP)

42
Q

the collection of Web pages available through the Internet

A

World Wide Web (WWW)

43
Q

a document, typically containing hyperlinks to other documents, located on a Web server and available through the World Wide Web

A

Web page

44
Q

a collection of related Web pages usually belonging to an organization or individual

A

Web site

45
Q

a computer that is continually connected to the Internet and hosts Web pages that are accessible through the Internet

A

Web server

46
Q

a program used to view Web pages (Chrome, Internet Explorer, etc.)

A

Web browser

47
Q

an address that identifies a computer (IP address), person (e-mail address), or Web page (URL) on the Internet

A

Internet address

48
Q

rightmost part of domain name, identifying the type of organization that runs the site or its location (.com, .edu, .gov)

A

top-level domain (TLD)

49
Q

a numeric Internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the Internet

A

IP address

50
Q

a text-based Internet address used to uniquely identify a computer on the Internet (ex. microsoft.com)

A

domain name

51
Q

an internet address (usually beginning with http://) that uniquely identifies a Web page

A

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

52
Q

an Internet address consisting of a username and computer domain name that uniquely identifies a person on the Internet

A

e-mail address

53
Q

a name that uniquely identifies an individual on a specific computer network

A

username

54
Q

electronic messages sent from one user to another over a network, usually the Internet

A

electronic mail (e-mail)

55
Q

a malicious software program designed to change the way a computer operates - form of malware

A

computer virus

56
Q

crime in which identity thieves send fraudulent e-mails to people masquerading as legitimate businesses to obtain Social Security numbers or other information needed for identity theft

A

phishing

CIS 110: Introduction to Computers (9 decks)

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