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Mercy CLS 4: Blood Bank > 1. Introductory topics > Flashcards

1. Introductory topics Flashcards

1
Q

blood volume

A

10-12 pints or 6 liters

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2
Q

plasma, ———–—for coagulation factor deficiencies

A

plasma, cryoprecipitate—for coagulation factor deficiencies

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3
Q

apheresis

A

collection of only certain portions of blood from a donor

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4
Q

discovered ABO groups

A

Carl Landsteiner

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5
Q

goal of BB

A

to provide safe and effective transfusions to patients

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6
Q

Chromosome

A

a structure within a nucleus that contains a single strand of DNA

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7
Q

Homozygous
Heterozygous

A

inheritance of same/different allele from each parent

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8
Q

Dosage effect

A

serologic differences between a homozygous person and a heterozygous person

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9
Q

Gene

A

a single unit of genetic information, which codes for a protein

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10
Q

Allele

A

one of 2+ different forms of a gene at a specific locus

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11
Q

Locus

A

the specific site of a gene along the chromosome

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12
Q

Dominant

A

expressed phenotypically when homozygous or heterozygous

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13
Q

Recessive

A

only expressed phenotypically when homozygous

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14
Q

Codominant

A

both alleles are expressed phenotypically

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15
Q

Linkage

A

the association between distinct genes that occupy closely situated loci along a chromosome

inherited as a group (haplotypes)

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16
Q

Allelic gene interaction; position effect

A

interaction of two genes positioned cis or trans to one another (same chromosome or opposite chromosome)

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17
Q

Example of position effect

A

weak D in trans position to C gene

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18
Q

Amorph

A

gene that, in homozygous form, results in a null phenotype; no expression of usual BG antigens

19
Q

Polymorphism

A

a genetic system that expresses two or more phenotypes

20
Q

ABO genes code for a ———– that attaches an oligosaccharide to a protein backbone

A

ABO genes code for a transferase that attaches an oligosaccharide to a protein backbone

21
Q

how to find number of units to screen

A

units needed/proportion of compatible units

22
Q

T cell functions

A

recognition of self vs nonself
presentation of antigen to macrophages
opsonization
cytokine production
cytotoxicity

23
Q

B-cell → ———— → plasma cell

A

B-cell → immunoblast → plasma cell

24
Q

anamnestic response

A

rapid secondary response of memory cells
have receptor for diminished antigen

24
Q

AB antigens are glycolipids stuck onto ——–

A

ceramide

25
Q

immunogenicity

A

measure of the ability of an antigen to elicit an immune response

26
Q

primary lag phase
secondary lag phase

A

3 days
10 days

27
Q

sensitization

A

binding of antibody or complement components to an RBC

28
Q

most affected by LISS, temperature, incubation time, pH, enzymes

A

sensitization

29
Q

most affected by Ag-Ab ratio, centrifugation, albumin, PEG, Ig class, AHG, enzymes

A

lattice formation

30
Q

agglutination requires a ——– antigen

A

multivalent

31
Q

in indirect agglutination, ——– is necessary to create linkages between Fc portions of IgG molecules

A

AHG

32
Q

general function of enhancement media/potentiators

A

lower Zeta potential (= charge) of RBCs

33
Q

ideal for Ag-Ab rxns; diluent; washing

A

saline

34
Q

bipolar macromolecule; allows IgG to access RBCs; pushes RBCs together

A

albumin

35
Q

cleave some of the antigens, and exposes others (such as Rh); reduces negative charge of cells

A

proteolytic enzymes

36
Q

reduces ionic strength of reaction media; draws ions away from RBC surface; ↑ Ag-Ab affinity

A

LISS

37
Q

steric exclusion of water; brings Ag-Ab closer together; used most frequently

A

PEG

38
Q

tertiary reaction, completing task started by Ab

A

complement cascade

39
Q

inhibit complement in vitro

A

anticoags (EDTA, sodium, hydrogen)
heating

40
Q

in vitro complement binding leads to….

A

coagulation cascade and clotted blood

41
Q

intravascular hemolysis signs

A

red plasma, red urine, ghost cells

42
Q

extravascular hemolysis signs

A

yellow plasma, yellow urine, coated and sequestered RBCs

Mercy CLS 4: Blood Bank (13 decks)

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