2. Basic techniques and prinicples

Question 1

1667

Answer 1

first recorded animal to human blood transfusion by Jean-Baptiste Denis

Question 2

1818

Answer 2

first human to human blood transfusion by James Blundell

Question 3

1900

Answer 3

ABO system was identified by Karl Landsteiner

Question 4

1908

Answer 4

Reuben Ottenburg first described the use of the crossmatch

Question 5

1910

Answer 5

William Moss wrote first procedures for BB testing

Question 6

1941

Answer 6

Charles Drew helped establish National Blood Donor Service (WWII)

Question 7

AABB publishes…

Answer 7

Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services

Question 8

rules for reading tubes (6)

Answer 8

Standardized light and mirror (optical aid)
Remove no more than 3 tubes at a time
Observe for hemolysis before shaking (clear red background)
Shake tubes to create “swirling” action
Grade when cell button is completely resuspended/breaks off
Reaction grades ≠ interpretations

Question 9

M+

Answer 9

microscopic agglutination

Question 10

2+mf

Answer 10

mixed field agglutination

Question 11

principle of DAT

Answer 11

Detection of in vivo sensitization of RBCs with IgG and/or complement

Question 12

Part of HTR, HDFN and AIHA investigation

Answer 12

DAT

Question 13

DAT procedure

Answer 13

Patient cells are washed, treated with polyspecific AHG, and spun

Question 14

if DAT is +…

Answer 14

perform a monospecific DAT to determine if cells are sensitized with IgG or complement

Question 15

requires QC with checkcells

Answer 15

any procedure involving AHG
(DAT)

Question 16

principle of IAT

Answer 16

Detection of in vitro sensitization of RBCs with IgG

Question 17

Part of ABS (antibody screen), XSM (crossmatch), Ag typing, and titering

Answer 17

IAT

Question 18

with PEG in IAT, you must use…

Answer 18

anti-IgG AHG

Question 19

IAT procedure

Answer 19

Patient plasma is added to screen cells I, II and III and incubated at 37° for 15 minutes

then washed, treated with AHG

Question 20

AGT false positives (8)

Answer 20

Improper specimen
Autoagglutinable cells
Polyagglutinable cells
Bacterial contamination
Overcentrifugation
Overreading
Preservative-dependant Ab
DAT + cells used for IAT (will always be +)

Question 21

AGT false negatives (7)

Answer 21

Inadequate washing
AHG reagent or serum not added
AHG reagent deteriorated
Inadequate incubation
Weak or heavy cell suspension
Under or overcentrifugation
Poor reading technique

Question 22

method of choice for ID of Ab after DAT+

Answer 22

acid elution

Question 23

acid elution procedure

Answer 23

Ab-sensitized RBC in vivo + eluting solution (mix/spin) →

free Ab in acidic supernatant + buffering solution (mix/spin) →

free Ab in neutral supernatant

Question 24

ensures that Ab in acid elution is from RBC and not free Ab

Answer 24

test with 4th washing

Question 25

used for forward ABO typing

Answer 25

Anti-A Anti-B

Question 26

used for Rh typing

Answer 26

Anti-D

Question 27

Checks for auto/polyagglutinable cells after A+/B+ result

Answer 27

monoclonal control

Question 28

used for reverse ABO typing

Answer 28

A1 and B cells

Question 29

used for detecting unexpected Ab

Answer 29

screen cells (I, II, III)

Question 30

used to detect IgG-sensitized RBCs

Answer 30

AHG

Question 31

pretransfusion tests (6)

Answer 31

Type & screen Crossmatch DAT Elution Ab panel Ag typing

Question 32

informational tests (5)

Answer 32

ABO/Rh type Prenatal screen & type Cord blood testing DAT only Ab titer

Question 33

clinically significant BG systems (7)

Answer 33

ABO Rh Duffy Kell Kidd Ss Lub

Question 34

**clinically insignificant BG systems (4)**

Answer 34

MN Lewis Lua P1

Question 35

antithetical alleles

Answer 35

antigens represent different forms of a gene produced from the same locus

Question 36

6-digit number assigned to each BG antigen

Answer 36

ISBT notation

Question 37

carbohydrate based BG (5)

Answer 37

ABO, Lewis, P, Ii, MNS

Question 38

protein based BG (4)

Answer 38

Rh, Kidd, Duffy, Lutheran

Question 39

both carbohydrate and protein BG

Answer 39

Kell

Question 40

BG enhanced by proteolytic enzymes (6)

Answer 40

Rh, Kidd, Lewis, P, Fy:3, Ii

Question 41

BG destroyed by proteolytic enzymes (2)

Answer 41

Duffy, MN

Question 42

BG unaffected by proteolytic enzymes (3)

Answer 42

Kell, SsU, Lutheran

Question 43

IgM BGs (5)

Answer 43

ABO, Lewis, P1, Mn, Lua

Question 44

IgG BGs (6)

Answer 44

Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, SsU, Lub

Question 45

**BG usually able to bind complement (3)**

Answer 45

ABO, Kidd, Lewis

Question 46

BG that rarely bind complement (5)

Answer 46

Duffy, P1, Ss, Lutheran, Kell

Question 47

BG that usually don't bind complement (1)

Answer 47

Rh