1 Nature and Scope of Psychology Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
come from the root word psyche
A
mind
2
Q
formally defined as a scientific study of behavioral and mental processes
A
Psychology
3
Q
What is Overt
A
Seen
4
Q
What is Covert
A
Hidden
5
Q
What is Rational
A
Think Over
6
Q
What is Irrational
A
Emotion Overflows
7
Q
What is conscious
A
Awareness
8
Q
What is unconscious
A
less aware
9
Q
what is simple
A
one or two way that works for you
10
Q
Goals
A
describe, explain, control and predict
11
Q
What are the school of thoughts?
A
Structuralism, Functionalism, Behaviorism, Gestalt Approach, Psychoanalytic Approach
12
Q
It is the study of conscious experience
A
Structuralism
13
Q
He founded psychology as an academic discipline in 1979
A
Wilhelm Wundt
14
Q
He establish the 1st psychology laboratory in the university of Leipzig, germany
A
Wilhelm Wundt
15
Q
THE STUDY OF THE MOST BASIC ELEMENTS, PRIMARILY SENSATIONS & PERCEPTIONS THAT MAKE UP OUR CONSCIOUS MENTAL EXPERIENCES.
A
Structuralism
16
Q
thought to be the necessary tool
A
introspection
17
Q
It is the functions of the mind
A
Functionalism
18
Q
HE VIEWED MENTAL ACTIVITIES AS HAVING DEVELOPED THROUGH AGES OF EVOLUTION.
A
William James
19
Q
HE PUBLISHED THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY
A
William James
20
Q
THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION RATHER THAN THE STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
A
Functionalism
21
Q
THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION RATHER THAN THE STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.
A
Functionalism
22
Q
Observable Behaviors
A
Behaviorism
23
Q
HE REJECTED THE VIEW OF FUNCTIONALISM & STRUCTURALISM BY HIS BOOK ENTITLED “PSYCHOLOGY AS A BEHAVIORIST VIEWS IT”
A
John B. Watson
24
Q
HE SUPPORTEDBEHAVIORISM &
POPULARIZED THIS APPROACH
A
Burrhus Frederick Skinner
25
FOCUSED ON HOW OBSERVABLE RESPONSES ARE LEARNED, MODIFIED, OR FORGOTTEN.
Stimulus Response Psychology
26
HIS THEORIES & METHODS PERMEATED PSYCHOLOGY HAVE BECOME POPULAR ESP. HIS TECHNIQUES ON REINFORCEMENT & CONTROLLING THE CONSEQUENCES THAT FOLLOW BEHAVIOR.
Burrhus Frederick Skinner
27
THIS APPROACH STRESSED THE IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING & THE ENVIRONMENT.
Stimulus Response Psychology
28
Who are associated in the Gestalt Approach
Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Kohler, Kurt Koffka
29
AN APPROACH TO PSYCHOLOGY THAT FOCUSES ON THE ORGANIZATION OF PERCEPTION & THINKING IN A “WHOLE” SENSE RATHER THAN IN THE INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS OF PERCEPTION.
Gestalt Approach
30
it means form or configuration
gestalt
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HE DEVELOPED THIS APPROACH IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA.
Sigmund Freud
32
IT BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF LATER PERSONALITY TRAITS & PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.
Psychoanalytic Approach
33
This Emphasized the influence of unconscious fears, desires, & motivations on thoughts & behaviors.
Psychoanalytic Approach
34
What are the Contemporary Approaches in Understanding Behavior
Cognitive Approach, Biological or Behavioral Neuroscience Approach, Humanistic Approach, Sociocultural Approach, Evolutionary Psychology Approach
35
IT IS CONCERNED WITH MENTAL PROCESSES SUCH AS PERCEIVING, REMEMBERING, REASONING, DECIDING, & PROBLEM SOLVING.
Cognitive Approach
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EMPHASIZE ON FREE WILL
THIS APPROACH ASSUMES THAT PEOPLE HAVE THE ABILITY TO MAKE THEIR OWN CHOICES
Humanistic Approach
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Who are associated in the Humanistic Approach?
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
38
THIS STUDIES THE WAYS BY WHICH SOCIAL & CULTURAL ENVIRONMENTS INFLUENCE BEHAVIORS.
Sociocultural Approach
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STRESSES THE IMPORTANCE OF ADAPTATION, REPRODUCTION, & SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST IN EXPLAINING BEHAVIOR.
Evolutionary Approach
40
What are the Models of Studying Behavior?
Introspection Method, Historical Method, Descriptive Method, Experimental Method, Quasi-Experimental Design
41
It is introduced by St. Augustine
Introspection
42
A METHOD OF MENTAL SELF-ANALYSIS WHEREIN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCHER RECORDS HIS OWN FEELINGS& EXPERIENCES, ANALYZES, & LATER INTERPRETS THEM.
Introspection Method
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IT DEALS WITH THE PAST RECORDED DATA OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR PHENOMENON.
Historical Method
44
What are the subtypes of historical method
Daybook method, biographical method, autobiographical method, cumulative record, anecdotal record
45
REFERS TO THE DAILY ACTIVITIES OF THE OBSERVED INDIVIDUAL STARTING FROM DAY 1 TO PRESENT.
Daybook Method
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IS DONE BY ANALYZING THE RECORDSAND DOCUMENTS PERTAINING TO THE INDIVIDUAL OR EVENT BEING INVESTIGATED
Biographical Method
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IS THE CAREFUL ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE LIFE OF THE INDIVIDUAL BEING INVESTIGATED
Autobiographical Method
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REFERS TO THE GATHERED DATA/INFORMATION ON THE STUDENT’S PERSONAL & ACADEMIC BACKGROUNDS
Cumulative Record
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CONSTITUTE THE DESCRIPTIONS OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S UNUSUAL OR UNEXPECTED BEHAVIOR IN A GIVEN SITUATION OR EVENTS
Anecdotal Record
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IS DONE BY DESCRIBING THE RESPONDENT’S BEHAVIOR OR PHENOMENA WITHOUT INTERFERING WITH THE BEHAVIOR ITSELF,
Descriptive Method
51
What re the essentials of understanding psychology
archival research, naturalistic observation, survey, case-study
52
IS DONE TROUGH EXAMINATION OF EXISTING DATA.
Archival Research
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IT IS SIMPLY BY OBSERVING SOME NATURALLY OCCURRING BEHAVIOR & DOES NOT MAKE A CHANGE IN THE SITUATION.
Naturalistic Observation
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IT IS A WAY TO OBTAIN INFORMATION BY ASKING PEOPLE ABOUT A PARTICULAR SUBJECT OR EVENT.
SURVEY
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AN IN-DEPTH, INTENSIVE INVESTIGATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR A SMALL GROUP OF PEOPLE.
Case-study
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A RESEARCH APPROACH THAT USES EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLES: INDEPENDENT VARIABLES & DEPENDENT VARIABLES.
Experimental Method
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IT IS USED TO DEMONSTRATE BEHAVIORAL DIFFERENCES ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUBJECTS.
Quasi-Experimental Design
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IT IS A SPECIALTY WHICH DEALS WITH THE DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT OF EMOTIONAL & BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS.
Clinical Psychology
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IT IS CONCERNED WITH PERSONAL ISSUES.
Counseling Psychology
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DEALS WITH THE APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES & RESEARCH METHODS IN THE WORKPLACE IN ORDER TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVITY, SERVICE, & QUALITY OF WORK LIFE.
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
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INVOLVES THE STUDY F PSYCHOLOGICAL, COGNITIVE, & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT & THE FACTORS THAT SHAPE BEHAVIOR FROM BIRTH TO OLD AGE.
Developmental Psychology
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FOCUSES ON HOW PEOPLE THINK, INFLUENCE, & RELATE WITH ONE ANOTHER, & ON THE WAYS INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER PEOPLE INFLUENCE ATTITUDES & BEHAVIORS.
Social Psychology
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EMPLOYS BEHAVIORAL & COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVES AS WELL AS THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD IN STUDYING HOW PEOPLE REACT TO SENSORY STIMULI, PERCEIVE THE WORLD, LEARN, REMEMBER, & RESPOND.
Experimental Psychology
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DEALS WITH THE EVALUATION OF LEARNING & EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS IN THE ACADEME.
School & Educational Psychology
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CONCERNED WITH THE MOTIVATION, PERCEPTION, LEARNING, & DECISION- MAKING OF CONSUMERS.
Consumer Psychology
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REFERS TO THE STUDY OF HOW PEOPLE & MACHINES ARE RELATED & HOW TO IMPROVE THIS RELATIONSHIP
Engineering Psychology
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DEALS WITH THE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF THE PHYSICAL, TEMPORAL, & SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF WORK ON THE WORKER.
Environmental Psychology
68
APPLIES PSYCHOLOGY TO THE LAW & LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.
Forensic Psychology
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APPLIES THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGY TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH & ILLNESS.
Health Psychology
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THE STUDY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF VIOLENCE, SOCIAL INEQUALITIES, PEACE MAKING, & THE PURSUIT OF SOCIAL JUSTICE.
Peace Psychology
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THE STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES & THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY THEORIES & TESTS FOR ASSESSING PERSONALITY TRAITS
Personality Psychology
72
STUDIES THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON POLITICAL BEHAVIOR & THE EFFECT OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM N THE THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, & MOTIVES OF INDIVIDUALS
Political Psychology
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EMPHASIZES THE IMPORTANCE OF PROMOTING RESEARCH ON WOMEN
Psychology of Women
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APPLIES THEORIES AND KNOWLEDGE IN PSYCHOLOGY TO ENHANCE THE PERFORMANCE OF ATHLETES & COACHES
Sports Psychology
75
he is a Russian physiologist best known in psychology for his discovery of classical conditioning
Ivan Pavlov
