1. Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System (components, function)

Answer 1

Brain, Spinal Cord

Information processing

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (components, function)

Answer 2

12 paired cranial nerves

31 paired spinal nerves

Taking order out of CNS

Question 3

Nucleus (Nuclei)

Answer 3

Collection of nerve cell bodies in CNS

Question 4

Tract

Answer 4

Collection of nerve axon (fibers) in CNS

Question 5

Ganglion (Ganglia)

Answer 5

Collection of nerve cell bodies in PNS

Question 6

Peripheral Nerve

Answer 6

Collection of nerve cell bodies in PNS

Question 7

Pathway of Spinal Nerve

Answer 7

spinal cord - ventral/dorsal root- spinal nerve - ventral/dorsal ramus

Question 8

PNS: Somatic Nervous System

Answer 8

MOTOR –> skeletal muscle

SENSORY

Question 9

PNS: Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 9

aka Visceral Motor

Involuntary

MOTOR –> smooth muscle (organs, cardiac muscle, glans

2 Neuron pathway

Question 10

PNS: Visceral Sensory

Answer 10

SENSORY

Question 11

Ischemia

Answer 11

are you getting any oxygen

Question 12

AS ME

Answer 12

afferent - sensory

motor - efferent

Question 13

Somatic Motor Pathway

Answer 13

motor cell bodies in ventral horn of spinal cord- motor fiber (axon) exits via ventral root - spinal nerve - dorsal/ventral ramus - target

VENTRAL ROOT = MOTOR FIBERS ONLY

Question 14

Ventral Ramus

Answer 14

Innervates majority of body wall

Larger in size than dorsal ramus

Carry sensory and motor fibers

Question 15

Dorsal Ramus

Answer 15

Innervates small region (duct tape) along dorsal midline

Smaller in size than ventral ramus

Carry sensory and motor fibers

Question 16

Somatic Sensory Pathway

Answer 16

Skin of body wall sensory fiber travels - dorsal/ventral ramus - spinal nerve - dorsal root - spinal cord

DORSAL ROOT = SENSORY FIBERS ONLY

Question 17

Dorsal Root Ganglion

Answer 17

Location of sensory cell body

Question 18

Brachial Plexus

Answer 18

Network of ventral rami (motor + sensory) to upper extremity

Question 19

Lumbosacral Plexus

Answer 19

Network of ventral rami (motor + sensory) to lower extremity and perineum

Question 20

Myotome

Answer 20

Mass of muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 21

Dermatome

Answer 21

Area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

Question 22

ANS: Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 22

Fight or flight: prep for rapid, strenuous activity

Innervates body wall (sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, peripheral blood vessells), body cavities

Question 23

ANS: Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 23

Rest and digest: background maintenance activities

Innervates body cavities, head, external genitalia

Question 24

ANS: 2 Neuron Pathway

Answer 24

Preganglionic cell body
Preganglionic fiber
Synapse
Postganglionic cell body
Postganglionic fiber

Question 25

Sympathetic Preganglionic Cell Badies (location)

Answer 25

Lateral horn of thoracolumbar segments of spinal cord (T1-L2/L3) Superior segments = supply superior organs (local organization)

Question 26

Parasympathetic Preganglionic Cell Bodies (location)

Answer 26

Brain or sacral segments of spinal cord | craniosacral

Question 27

Sympathetic Postganglionic Cell Bodies (location)

Answer 27

Where the synapse is happening Prevertebral (anterior to vertebral column, associated with branches of aorta) Paravertebral (lateral to vertebral column)

Question 28

Parasympathetic Postganglionic Cell Bodies (location)

Answer 28

Where the synapse is happening In the head or in the walls of organs Right on the targets Long preganglionic, short postganglionic

Question 29

Paravertebral Ganglion + Spinal Nerves

Answer 29

1:1 Except: cervical region (3:8)

Question 30

Sympathetic Trunk

Answer 30

Paravertebral ganglia on each side are linked to sympathetic trunks that extend the length of vertebral column Allow for distribution of sympathetic fibers throughout body Tethered to ventral rami by white/gray rami communicans

Question 31

White Rami Communicans

Answer 31

Enhance to sympathetic trunk

Question 32

Gray Rami Communicans

Answer 32

Exit from sympathetic trunk

Question 33

WINGO

Answer 33

White (ramus) in | Gray (ramus) out

Question 34

Sympathetic Pathway: Body Wall

Answer 34

lateral horn (spinal cord) - ventral root - spinal nerve - ventral ramus - white ramus communicans - sympathetic trunk - synapse in paravertebral ganglion - postganglionic fiber exits sympathetic trunk via gray ramus communicans - FOLLOW ALONG VENTRAL RAMUS OR BACKTRACK TO DORSAL RAMUS - target (blood vessels, arrector pili muscles, sweat glands)

Question 35

Sympathetic Pathway: Thoracic Organs

Answer 35

Lateral horn (spinal cord) - ventral root - spinal nerve - ventral ramus - white ramus communicans - sympathetic trunk - synapse in a paravertebral ganglion - exit sympathetic trunk through cardiac or pulmonary nerves (only sympathetic nerves) - target (heart, lungs)

Question 36

Sympathetic Pathway: Abdominal Organs

Answer 36

Lateral horn (spinal cord) - ventral root - spinal nerve - ventral ramus - white ramus communicans - sympathetic trunk - exit sympathetic trunk WITHOUT SYNAPSING - SPLANCHNIC NERVE - synapse in prevertebral ganglion - small POSTGANGLIONIC FIBER/nerves - target (abdominal, pelvic viscera)

Question 37

Visceral Sensory Pathway

Answer 37

Single neuron pathway Travels towards spinal cord alongside sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers Enters DORSAL ROOT

Question 38

Referred Pain

Answer 38

Visceral (organ) pain being perceived as somatic (body wall) pain Visceral sensation misinterpreted by CNS as somatic (sharp) sensation

Question 39

Spinal Nerves

Answer 39

8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Co

Question 40

C1 Spinal Nerves

Answer 40

Exit between skull and C1 vertebra 8 C nerves - 7 C vertebrae

Question 41

Look and Label Spinal Nerve

Answer 41

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