Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Cranial Nerve Names
On Old Olympus Towering Top A Friendly Viking Grew Vines And Hops
Cranial Nerve Function
Some Say Money Matters But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More
CN I: Olfactory
Special Sensory
Exit: Cribriform Plate
Special sense of smell
Target: olfactory nerves in nasal mucosa
CN II: Optic
Special sensory
Exit: optic canal
Special sense of sight/vision
Target: retina/eye
CN III: Oculomotor
Motor (parasympathetic)
Exit: superior orbital fissure
Movement of eye
Target:
- levator palpebrae superioris muscle
- superior, medial, inferior rectus + inferior oblique (extraocular muscles)
- ciliary muscle
- sphincter pupillae muscle
Levator Palpebrae Superioris Muscle
Raise upper eyelid
Extraocular Muscle
Move eyeball
Ciliary Muscle
Control shape of lens
-focusing at different distances
Sphincter Pupillae Muscle
Shrinks the size of pupil to let in less light
CN IV: Trochlear
Somatic motor
Exit: superior orbital fissure
Move eyeball
Target: superior oblique muscle
CN V: Trigeminal (divisions)
V1: ophthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: mandibular
Pain, temperature, touch
CN V1: Ophthalmic
Somatic sensory
Exit: superior orbital fissure
Targets:
- skin of scalp, forehead, upper eyelid
- cornea
- mucosa of anterior nasal cavity
- frontal and ethmoid sinuses
CN V2: Maxillary
Somatic sensory
Exit: foramen rotundum
Target:
- skin of face, scalp, lower eyelid, upper lip
- maxillary, teeth, gingivae, maxillary sinuses
- mucosa of posterior nasal cavity
- hard and soft palate
CN V3: Mandibular
Somatic motor, sensory
Exit: foramen ovale
Target: SOMATIC SENSORY -skin of scalp, face, cheek, lower lip -external tympanic membrane -mandibular teeth, gingivae -anterior 2/3 tongue
SOMATIC MOTOR
- mastication muscles
- ant belly of digastric
- mylohhyoid
- tensor veli palatini
- tensor tympani muscles
CN VI: Abducent
Somatic motor
Exit: superior orbital fissure
ABducts eyeball
Target: lateral rectus muscle
CN VII: Facial
Somatic motor, special sensory, parasympathetic, sympathetic
Enter: internal acoustic meatus
Exit: stylomastoid foramen
3 branches
Main Targets:
- somatic motor to stapedius
- muscles of facial expression
- stylohyoid muscle
- posterior belly of digastric muscle
Muscles of Facial Expression (CN VII)
buccinator occipitofrontalis orbicularis oris orbicularis oculi platysma
CN VII: Chorda Tympani
Hitchhikes with lingual nerve (branch of CN V3)
Target:
SPECIAL SENSORY
-taste (anterior 2/3 tongue)
PARASYMPATHETIC
- submandibular gland
- sublingual gland
CN VII: Greater Petrosal
Exit: temporal bone
joins deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic) to become nerve of pterygoid canal
Synapses at pterygopalatine ganglia
hitchhikes with CNV2 to lacrimal gland
Target:
PARASYMPATHETIC/SYMPATHETIC
-lacrimal gland
-nasal mucosa
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
Special sensory
Exit: internal acoustic meatus
Target:
- cochlea (hearing)
- semicircular canals (balance)
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal
Exit: jugular foramen
Target:
SOMATIC MOTOR
-stylopharyngeous muscle
VISCERAL SENSORY
-carotid body, sinus
SOMATIC SENSORY
- oropharynx
- soft palate
- posterior 1/3 tongue
SPECIAL SENSORY
-posterior 1/3 tongue
CN IX: Tympanic Nerve
Target:
SOMATIC SENSORY
-internal surface of tympanic membrane
CN IX: Lesser Petrosal Nerve
Branch from tympanic plexus
Target:
PARASYMPATHETIC
-parotid gland
CN X: Vagus
Exit: jugular foramen
Target: SOMATIC MOTOR -pharyngeal constrictors -levator veli palatini muscle -palatoglossus muscle -palatopharyngeus muscle -esophagus
SPECIAL SENSORY
-epiglottis (taste)
