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PHA 500 > 7. Abdominal Contents I > Flashcards

7. Abdominal Contents I Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Abdominal + pelvic

Continuous

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2
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane lining walls and organs

2 continuous parts:
Parietal + Visceral

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3
Q

Parietal Peritoneum

A

Lines internal aspect of abdominopelvic cavity

Somatic sensory innervation

  • supplied by nerves of ab wall
  • pain, temp, touch
  • acute localized pain
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4
Q

Visceral Peritoneum

A

Invests organs

Visceral sensory innervation
-stretch, ischemia

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5
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

Potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum

Contains thin layer of fluid
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN

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6
Q

Ascites

A

Excess fluid in peritoneal cavity (between visceral and parietal layers)

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7
Q

Peritoneal Cavity (M/F)

A

Males: closed

Females: open

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8
Q

Retroperitoneal Space

A

Between parietal peritoneum and muscles of posterior ab wall

Contains:

  • fat
  • vessels
  • some organs
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9
Q

Primary Retroperitoneal Organs

A

Deep to parietal peritoneum in retroperitoneal space

WHICH ONES?

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10
Q

Ontogeny of Gut Tube

A

Developing organs become invested in visceral peritoneum

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11
Q

Intraperitoneal Organs

A

Completely covered by visceral peritoneum

Mobile

Ex: stomach

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12
Q

Secondarily Retroperitoneal Organs

A

Pressed against posterior body wall in early development - mesentery fuses to ab wall

Loss of mobility

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13
Q

Mesenteries

A

Two layers of peritoneum suspending organs

Pathway for blood vessels and nerves to get to and from ab organs

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14
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Connect stomach and duodenum to liver

Extends from lesser curvature of stomach/proximal duodenum to liver

Composed of 2 peritoneal ligaments (hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments)

Contains portal triad

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15
Q

Greater Omentum

A

Connect stomach to large intestine

Extends from greater curvature of stomach/proximal duodenum to transverse colon

LARGE

Forms adhesions to wall off inflamed organs (protects adjacent viscera)

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16
Q

Greater Sac

A

Potential space

Larger sac

Extends from diaphragm to pelvic region

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17
Q

Lesser Sac

A

Omental bursa

Smaller sac

Posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

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18
Q

Omental (Epiploic) Foramen

A

Opening deep to hepatoduodenal ligament

Allows for communication between greater and lesser sacs

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19
Q

Embryonic Gut Tube

A

Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut

Common bloody supply, venous and lymphatic drainage, innervation

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20
Q

Foregut (derivatives)

A 
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
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21
Q

Foregut (blood supply, venous drainage, lymphatics)

A

Blood supply: celiac trunk

Venous grainage: gastric veins, splenic vein

Lymphatics: celiac lymph nodes

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22
Q

Spleen

A

Not foregut/digestive organ

Lymphatic organ

LUQ
Deep to ribs 9-11

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23
Q

Esophagus

A

Abdominal portion: intraperitoneal

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24
Q

Esophagus (hiatal hernias)

A

Part of esophagus or other part of gut pushes up through hiatus

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25
Stomach
Intraperitoneal LUQ Transpyloric plane
26
Stomach (curvatures)
Look and Label Image Lesser: superior concave margin Greater: inferior convex margin
27
Stomach: Cardia
Narrow proximal region Where esophagus enters stomach
28
Stomach: Fundus
Dome of stomach Inferior to L dome of diaphragm Gas bubble on xray
29
Stomach: Body
Largest part of stomach Between fundus and pyloric antrum
30
Stomach: Pyloric Portion
Pyloric antrum Pyloric canal
31
Stomach: Pyloric Sphincter
Circular smooth muscle Regulates flow of food from stomach to duodenum
32
Stomach: Rugae
Internal folds of gastric mucosa Adaption to allow stomach to expand
33
Duodenum
RUQ 4 Parts: - 1st and 2nd: foregut - 3rd and 4th: midgut First part of small intestine C shaped
34
Superior (1st Part) of Duodenum
Intraperitoneal Lies on transpyloric plane (L1)
35
Descending (2nd Part) of Duodenum
Secondarily retroperitoneal (helps anchor stomach to small intestine) Parallel to IVC Curves around head of pancreas
36
Pancreas
Secondarily retroperitoneal RUQ Posterior to stomach Between duodenum and spleen Anterior to IVC Head+Body+Tail Tail in contact with spleen
37
Liver
Intraperitoneal Covered w/ visceral peritoneum (except at bare area) Mostly RUQ, partially LUQ Deep to ribs 7-11
38
Liver: Falciform Ligament
Attaches liver to anterior ab wall
39
Liver: Hepatoduodenal Ligament of Lesser Omentum
Contains portal triad
40
Portal Triad
Portal vein Proper hepatic artery Bile duct
41
Lobes of Liver
R lobe L lobe Caudate lobe Quadrate lobe
42
Segments of Liver
8 segments Each segment: - L or R hepatic artery - portal vein - L or R hepatic duct **hepatic veins are intersegmental**
43
Bile Duct
Smooth muscle sphincter Sphincter forces bile into cystic duct and gall bladder L and R hepatic ducts drain into common hepatic duct --> joins cystic duct --> forms bile duct
44
Gallbladder
Bile storage Intraperitoneal RUQ
45
Major Duodenal Papilla
Pancreatic duct and Bile duct converge to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla Opens to duodenum via major duodenal papilla
46
Splenomegaly
Enlargement of spleen Cause: Sickle cells clog spleen
47
Spleen: Hilum
Where vessels and nerves enter and exit Medial surface of spleen
48
Abdominal Aorta
Extends from aortic hiatus to bifurcation into L and R common iliac arteries (T12-L4)
49
Paired Branches
Supply primarily retroperitoneal organs (eg: kidneys, gonads)
50
Unpaired Branches
Supply ab organs Foregut: celiac trunk (T12) Midgut: superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (L1) Hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) (L3)
51
Celiac Trunk Branches
Supply abdominal foregut derivatives and spleen Branches - L gastric artery - splenic artery - common hepatic artery
52
Left Gastric Artery
Courses along lesser curvature In lesser omentum Branch: -Esophageal (supplies ab esophagus)
53
Splenic Artery
Tortuous course Goes off to pancreas Branches: - Short gastric arteries (go to fundus - L gastro omental artery (aka: gastro epiploic artery)(courses along greater curvature, in greater omentum)
54
Common Hepatic Artery: Proper Hepatic Artery
Courses in hepatoduodenal ligament Branches -R gastric artery (anastomoses w/ L gastric artery)(courses along lesser curvature, in lesser omentum) -R and L hepatic arteries (supply liver)
55
Celiac Trunk Branches
Look and Label Image
56
Cystic Artery
Usually arises from R hepatic artery Goes to gallbladder
57
Common Hepatic Artery: Gastroduodenal Artery
Branch: -R gastro omental artery (R gastro epoploic artery) (courses along R R side of greater curvature, in greater omentum)(anastomoses w/ L gastro omental artery) -Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal Arteries (supply duodenum and pancreas )
58
Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries
Anterior and Posterior Superior Pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branch off gastroduodenal artery) Anastomose Anterior and Posterior Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal arteries (branch off SMA)
59
Caval (Systemic) System (venous system 1)
Parallel paired aortic branches Drain contents of the retroperitoneal space Drain into IVC
60
Portal System (venous system 2)
O poor/nutrient rich blood from ab organs --> portal vein --> liver (detoxifies/processes blood) --> hepatic veins --> IVC
61
Portal System
3 main tributaries: - splenic vein (foregut) - superior mesenteric vein (midgut) - inferior mesenteric vein (hindgut) All 3 converge on portal vein Capillaries on either end
62
Minor Duodenal Papilla
Accessory pancreatic duct enters dudodenum at minor duodenal papilla
63
Portal Caval Anastomoses
Vessels in portal system do not have valves - blood can flow in either direction Locations: - umbilicus - distal esophagus - colon - rectum/anus
64
Portal Caval Anastomoses: Esophageal Varices
Around the distal esophagus, esophageal veins drain into either the azygos system (caval) or left gastric vein (portal); dilated esophageal varices can rupture, resulting in potentially fatal bleeding
65
Portal Vein Tributaries
``` Cystic veins R and L gastric veins Splenic vein -Short gastric -L gastro omental vein Superior mesenteric vein -R gastro omental vein -anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein ```
66
Fetal Circulation in the Abdomen
O rich blood enters fetus via umbilical vein -Adult remnant: round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres) located in inferior margin of falciform ligament O rich blood bypasses liver via ductus venosus -Adult remnant: ligamentum venosum O poor blood leaves fetus via umbilical arteries -Adult remnants: medial umbilical ligaments
67
Foregut Lymphatics
Lymph - celiac lymph nodes - chyle cistern - thoracic duct
68
Foregut Innervation: Parasymathetic
Stimulates peristalsis, secretion Vagus nerve Preganglionic cell bodies: brain Preganglionic cell fiber: vagus nerve Postganglionic cell body: wall of foregut organs Postganglionic fiber: wall of foregut organs
69
Foregut Innervation: Sympathetic
Inhibits peristalsis, constricts GI blood vessels Preganglionic cell bodies: lateral horn of thoracic spinal cord Preganglionic fibers: ventral root - spinal nerve - ventral ramus - white ramus communicans - sympathetic trunk - greater thoracic splanchnic nerve (T5 -T9) Postganglionic cell bodies: celiac ganglion (prevertebral ganglion) Postganglionic fiber: follow arterial branches to target organs
70
Referred Pain
Foregut visceral pain is typically referred to area at and inferior to costal margin

PHA 500 (11 decks)

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