1: Posterior Cervical Triangle

Question 1

order of the deep fascia (outer to inner)

Answer 1

investing
pretracheal
buccopharyngeal
alar
prevertebral
carotid sheath

Question 2

investing fascia

Answer 2

surrounds traps, SCM, and infrahyoid mm.

Question 3

pretracheal fascia

Answer 3

surrounds thyroid, trachea, esophagus, post. surface of infrahyoid mm.

Question 4

buccopharygeal fascia

Answer 4

surrounds pharynx posteriorly

Question 5

alar fascia

Answer 5

ant. layer of prevertebral fascia & runs behind buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 6

prevertebral fascia (Danger Space)

Answer 6

surrounds prevertebral & deep back mm.

Question 7

carotid sheath

Answer 7

column of fascia that surrounds the CCA, ICA, IJV, & Vagus n.

Question 8

where is the carotid sheath

Answer 8

btwn SCM & prevertebral mm.

Question 9

what is carotid sheath made of

Answer 9

condensations of deep cervical fascia

Question 10

infections in carotid sheath

Answer 10

can spread from skull to middle mediastinum

Question 11

where does the external carotid leave the sheath

Answer 11

at the bifurcation of the carotid a. the internal carotid stays inside

Question 12

middle mediastinum

Answer 12

structures btwn the lobes of the lungs (other than the heart)

Question 13

where does the CCA arise from

Answer 13

middle mediastinum

Question 14

where is the pretracheal space

Answer 14

btwn trachea & infrahyoid mm., from thyroid cartilage down into anterior medistinum

Question 15

where is the retropharyngeal space

Answer 15

btwn buccopharyngeal & alar fascia, from skull base down into superior mediastinum

Question 16

where is the prevertebral “danger” space

Answer 16

btwn alar & prevertebral fascia

at T12 at posterior of thoracic cavity

Question 17

infections in the danger space

Answer 17

can spread from skull base down into posterior mediastinum

notorious for inferior spread of infections here

Question 18

zone I of neck

Answer 18

thoracic inlet to cricoid cartilage

Question 19

zone II of neck

Answer 19

cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

Question 20

zone III of neck

Answer 20

angle of mandible to base of skull

Question 21

PCT boundaries

Answer 21

anterior=SCM
posterior=trapezius m.
inferior=middle 1/3 of clavicle

Question 22

PCT contents

Answer 22

platysma m.
external jugular v.
cutaneous nn.
motor nn.
transverse cervical a.
suprascapular a.
deep mm.

Question 23

PCT cutaneous nn.

Answer 23

branches of our cervical plexus, all emerge deep to SCM at Erb’s point

lesser occipital (C2-C3)
great auricular (C2-C3)
transverse cervical (C2-C3)
supraclavicular (C3-C4)

Question 24

lesser occipital n.

Answer 24

(C2-C3)

runs sup. along post. border of SCM

crosses over portion of occipital a.

supplies skin of scalp at apex of triangle

Question 25

great auricular n.

Answer 25

(C2-C3) ascends vertically on surface of SCM runs with EJV superiorly toward ear supplies lobe & skin post. to auricle, and angle of mandible to mastoid process

Question 26

transverse cervical n.

Answer 26

(C2-C3) runs transversely across middle of SCM supplies skin of ACT & lateral neck

Question 27

supraclavicular nn.

Answer 27

(C3-C4) 3 main branches: medial, intermediate, lateral (post.) nn. superficial to clavicle & deep to platysma supply skin of clavicular region

Question 28

PCT motor nn.

Answer 28

accessory n. (CN XI) | phrenic n. (C3-C5)

Question 29

accessory n.

Answer 29

(CN XI) emerges from jugular foramen runs diagonally thru triangle, deep to investing fascia supplied SCM & trapezius mm.

Question 30

phrenic n.

Answer 30

(C3-C5) descends vertically along anterior scalene m. crossed anteriorly by transverse cervical a. & suprascapular a. enters thorax btwn subclavian v. & a. travels along pericardial sack to support diaphragm (both sensory and motor)

Question 31

external jugular v.

Answer 31

drains into subclavian v.

Question 32

transverse cervical a.

Answer 32

from thyrocervical trunk

Question 33

suprascapular a.

Answer 33

from thyrocervical trunk

Question 34

PCT deep mm.

Answer 34

splenius capitis m. levator scapulae m. 3 scalene mm. omohyoid m. (inf. belly)

Question 35

splenius capitis m.

Answer 35

o: spinous processes of C7-T4 vertebrae i: occipital bone & mastoid process of skull a: extend & laterally rotate head & neck inn: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 36

levator scapulae m.

Answer 36

o: transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae i: superomedial border of scapula a: elevate scapula inn: dorsal scapular n. (C5)

Question 37

anterior scalene m.

Answer 37

o: transverse processes of C3-C6 i: 1st rib a: tilt neck laterally inn: ventral rami C3-C8 nn. use this to find phrenic n.

Question 38

middle scalene m.

Answer 38

o: transverse processes of C2-C7 i: 1st rib a: tilt neck laterally inn: ventral rami C3-C8 nn. subclavian a. is in btwn anterior & middle scalene mm.

Question 39

posterior scalene m.

Answer 39

o: transverse processes of C4-C6 i: 2nd rib a: tilt neck laterally inn: ventral rami C3-C8 nn.

Question 40

interscalene triangle

Answer 40

elongated triangle deep to PCT formed by ant scalene, mid scalene & 1st rib brachial plexus & subclavian a. pass thru it subclavian v. passes anteriorly to ant. scalene m.