2: Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards by Maia Saad

ACT boundaries

anterior=midline of neck

posterior=SCM

superior=inf border of mandible

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suprahyoid mm.

stylohyoid m.
digastric m.
mylohyoid m.
geniohyoid m.

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infrahyoid mm.

omohyoid m.
sternohyoid m.
thyrohyoid m.
sternothyroid m.

(sternothyroid m. and thyrohyoid m. are deep to the sternohyoid m.)

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stylohyoid m.

a: pulls hyoid bone upward in posterosuperior direction
inn: facial n. (CN VII)

(this is an arch 2 m.)

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digastric m.

a: supports & elevated floor of mouth; elevates hyoid
inn: V3 (mylohyoid branch coming off the inf alveolar branch of V3)

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geniohyoid m.

a: if mandible is fixed, it elevates & pulls hyoid forward. if hyoid is fixed, it pulls mandible downward & inward
inn: branch from ant ramus of C1 carried via hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

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sternohyoid m.

a: depresses hyoid after swallowing
inn: ant ramus of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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omohyoid m.

a: depresses & fixes hyoid
inn: ant ramus of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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thyrohyoid m.

a: depresses hyoid. when hyoid is fixed, it raises pharynx to get it out of the way when swallowing
inn: fibers from ant ramus of C1 carried via the hypoglossal n. (CN XII) (n. to thyrohyoid m.)

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sternothyroid m.

a: draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward
inn: ant ramus of C1-C3 via ansa cervicalis

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veins of the neck

facial v.
retromandibular v.
anterior jugular v.
communicating branch
internal jugular v.
external jugular v.

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which two veins form external jugular v.

facial v. and posterior auricular v.

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what is found in between internal and external jugular veins

SCM and superior belly of omohyoid

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draining of head & neck

ipsilateral, right drains right and left drains left

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retromandibular v.

formed by superficial temporal v. & maxillary v.

have anterior and posterior divisions

ant div + facial v. = common facial v. (which drains into internal jugular v.)

post div + post auricular v. = external jugular v.

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ACT arteries

internal carotid a.
external carotid a.
common carotid a.
(bifurcation at C3-C4)

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external carotid a. branches

3 anterior:
superior thyroid a.
lingual a.
facial a.

3 posterior:
ascending pharyngeal a.
occipital a.
posterior auricular a.

terminates as: superficial temporal a. & maxillary a.

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superior thyroid a.

1st anterior branch of external carotid a.

arises from anterior surface near bifurcation

gives off superior laryngeal a.

supplies superior portion of thyroid gland

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lingual a.

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2nd anterior branch of external carotid a.

arises just above superior thyroid a. at level of greater horn of hyoid

passes deeply into mm. of tongue

facial a.

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3rd anterior branch of external carotid a.

arises just superior to lingual a.

crosses inf border of mandible to supply face

ascending pharyngeal a.

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1st posterior branch of external carotid a.

arises close to bifurcation

ascends to supply pharynx & tonsils

occipital a.

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2nd posterior branch of external carotid a.

arises near level and posteriorly to the origin of facial a.

passes deep to posterior belly of digastric m.

ascends to supply neck & scalp

sends off muscular branch to SCM (hooks over CN XII)

posterior auricular a.

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3rd posterior branch of external carotid a.

arises superior to origin of occipital a.

superior to posterior belly of digastric m.

passes upward & posteriorly to supply scalp posterior to ear

(sometimes too deep and high to find it)

spinal nerve branches

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transverse cervical n. (C2-C3)
ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

cranial nerves

``` facial n. (CN VII) glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) vagus n. (CN X) accessory n. (CN XI) hypoglossal n. (CN XII) ```

transverse cervical n.

(C2-C3) runs transversely across middle of SCM supplies skin of ACT & lateral neck

ansa cervicalis

n. loop from ant rami (C1-C3) inn. infrahyoid mm. superior root: mainly of C1 fibers from ant rami inferior root: ant rami of C2 & C3

ACT subdivisions

submental triangle submandibular triangle muscular triangle carotid triangle

submental triangle borders

inferior=hyoid bone lateral (right)=ant. belly of digastric m. lateral (left)=ant. belly of digastric m.

submental triangle contents

mylohyoid m. submental lymph nodes some small veins

submandibular (digastric) triangle borders

superior=inf border of mandible anterior/inferior=ant. belly of digastric m. posterior/inferior=post. belly of digastric m.

submandibular (digastric) triangle contents

submandibular gland submandibular lymph nodes marginal mandibular branch of facial n. (CN VII) (supplies mm. of facial exp) hypoglossal n. (CN XII) mylohyoid n. (of CN V3) (supplies mylohyoid m. & ant. belly of digastric m.) facial a. & v.

muscular triangle borders

superior=hyoid bone lateral=sup belly of omohyoid m. & ant border of SCM m. medial=midline of neck

muscular triangle muscle contents

omohyoid m. sternohyoid m. sternothyroid m. thyrohyoid m.

muscular triangle viscera contents

``` thyroid gland parathyroid glands trachea esophagus common carotid a. internal jugular v. ```

carotid triangle borders

superior=stylohyoid m. & post belly of digastric m. posterior=ant border of SCM m. anteroinferior=superior belly of omohyoid m.

carotid triangle nn.

``` accessory n. (CN XI) vagus n. (CN X) hypoglossal n. (CN XII) ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) laryngeal nn. (CN X branches) ```

carotid triangle aa.

common carotid a. internal carotid a. external carotid a. 6 branches of external carotid a.

carotid triangle vv.

all branches have accompanying vv. draining into the IJV

carotid sheath

``` carotid a. (common carotid a. & internal carotid a.) carotid sinus (baroreceptors are here!) internal jugular v. vagus n. (CN X) ```

subclavian a.

vertebral a. thyrocervical trunk=inf thyroid a.+transverse cervical a. ascending cervical a. branches off inf thyroid a. transverse cervical a. goes posteriorly

lymphatics of root of the neck

right lymphatic duct | thoracic (left lymphatic) duct

nn. of root of the neck

phrenic n. (C3-C5) ("C3, 4, 5, keep you breathing and alive" vagus n. (CN X) recurrent laryngeal n. (asymmetrical in neck) sympathetics

sympathetic trunk (chain) and ganglia

superior cervical ganglion middle cervical ganglion inferior cervical ganglion (combines with 1st thoracic ganglion & forms cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion)

cervical viscera

thyroid & parathyroid glands (anterior) larynx & trachea pharynx & esophagus (posteriorly)

vasculature of thyroid & parathyroid glands

superior & inferior thyroid aa. superior, middle & inferior thyroid vv.

prevertebral mm.

lie directly posterior to retropharyngeal space

2: Anterior Cervical Triangle Flashcards

(47 cards)